Short/Conceptual answers of Introduction to Biology Class 9 Notes for Board exams
By Imran Mehmood | Director at Health, Education, and Skills
Simplifying Biology: A Guide to Class 9th class Short and Conceptual Questions in Chapter 1 "Introduction to Biology"
Are you struggling to understand the intricacies of Chapter 1 Biology in Class 9? Don't worry, you're not alone! The subject can be overwhelming, especially with its various sub-disciplines, like Biophysics, Biochemistry, Biogeography, Biostatistics, and Bioeconomics. But fear not! This blog post aims to simplify the complex concepts of Biology, making it easier for students to excel in their Board and Entry Tests exams.
In this guide, we will delve into the definition of Biology, the multidisciplinary approach to its study, and the various career paths available in this field. Furthermore, we will also explore the connection between Biology and the Quran, as well as the contributions of Muslim scientists in the field of Biology. These topics are crucial for the Board Exams and can help students score higher marks in their exams and entry tests. So, let's dive in and unravel the mysteries of Chapter 1 Biology together!
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Short and to-the-point answers of Chapter 1 Biology Notes
From the Notes Library of H.E.S (Health, Education, and Skills)Define Biology. Also, describe briefly the history of Biology.
Definition of Biology:
The branch of science that deals with the scientific study of living organisms, such as plants, animals & microorganisms are called biology.
Biological sciences emerged from the tradition of medicines especially ancient Egyptian medicines and the work of Aristotle and Galen in the ancient Greco-Roman world. In the middle ages, it was further developed by Muslim physicians and scholars such as Al-Jahiz, Ibni-Sina, Jabir-bin-Hayyan, etc. For the 1st time, the term Biology was introduced in Germany. French naturalist Jean Bepsite De-Lamarck proposed that the study of living forms should be unified under biology.
What do you mean by a Multidisciplinary approach to the study of biology? (OR) How does biology correlate with other subjects?
A multidisciplinary approach to the study of biology/ Linkage of biology with other fields of study:
The relation of biology with other fields of study is called its multidisciplinary approach. Some of the emerging fields of biology in this regard are:
Applications (uses) of biophysics: Biophysics is used in: The reception of light rays and image formation by the eye. Effects of X-rays on living organisms. Movement of muscles and bones. For the development of new instruments in the field of medical science, such as CT scans, MRI, Ultrasound, Laser surgery, etc. In physiology, bioenergetics, neurosciences, pharmacology, etc.
Applications of biochemistry: The knowledge of biochemistry is widely used in Determination and analysis of the organic compounds that make up the cells, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. Chemical processes that are vital for life, such as Glycolysis, Krebs’s cycle, and Electron Transport Chain (ETC). A medical field for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases caused by abnormalities of vital (life-needed) organic compounds.
Applications of biogeography: The knowledge of biogeography is used in Understanding the spread of animal-borne diseases. Acquiring knowledge about the preservation of rare species. Knowing the changing geography of the world. Identifying the specific climates, foods, and geographic features that different animals require.
Applications of biostatistics: Biometry is more often used for agricultural applications. Biostatistics is used for medical applications.
Application of bioeconomics: Living organisms play a vital role in the economy of a country. Diseases of animals, plants, and microbes, such as bird flu and microbial infections, are the cause of billions of dollars in loss. Bioeconomists calculate and compare the cost and profit of biological projects.
Discuss the career paths in the field of biology.
Careers in Biology: Studying biology is rewarding and exciting because it is directly related to our daily life. Some of the careers in biology are:
1. Field of medicine and surgery: The field of biology that is related to the diagnosis and treatment of human diseases is called the field of medicine. Careers in the field of medicine: After studying biology at a higher secondary level, one can choose a profession as a medical doctor or as a surgeon. In surgery, the defective parts of the body are repaired, replaced, or removed.
2. Fisheries: The study area of biologists where they study various aspects of fish life is called fisheries. Career in fisheries: Fisheries is concerned with the biology of fish. One can choose this career after completing a bachelor's or master's degree in Zoology, where he/she works as a fisheries manager in fish hatcheries to study fish habitat, nutritional requirements, population, genetics, diseases, etc.
3. Agriculture: The science of farming, including the growing of crops and rearing of animals is called agriculture. Career in agriculture: Agriculturists deal with crops and livestock. One can choose agriculture as a profession after studying biology at a higher secondary level. Agriculturists may work in the agriculture department, veterinary and pharmaceutical industries, farming, agricultural banks, etc.
4. Animal Science/ Animal husbandry: The area of study of biology that deals with the breeding and raising of livestock (domestic animals) is called animal science or animal husbandry. A career in animal science: Graduates of animal science work in veterinary hospitals, the pharmaceutical industry, livestock departments, and pet food industry, etc.
5. Horticulture: The practice of garden cultivation and management is known as horticulture. Career in horticulture: Horticulturists can open businesses and find jobs in fruits and vegetable production, landscape design, nurseries, gardens, etc.
6. Forestry: The science of planting, managing, and caring for forests is called forestry. Career in forestry: Forestry as a carrier can be adopted after completing M.Sc in biological sciences. Forestry officers are mostly concerned with the defense of wildlife and their habitat, caring for biodiversity, and providing timber and sink for atmospheric CO2.
7. Farming: Farming deals with the development and maintaining farms for animal breeding, poultry, fruit, and vegetables. Students can adopt farming as a profession after completing professional diplomas in agriculture or husbandry.
8. Forensic science: Using scientific biological information for investigating crimes is called forensic science. Forensic scientists are mostly concerned with finding out the crimes in a society for a peaceful environment. For this purpose, they work with the cooperation of police or other defense agencies.
Discuss biology in the light of verses from the Holy Quran.
OR ‘ALLAH is the creator of all living and non-living things, elaborate this statement in the light of some verses of the Holy Quran.
No doubt, ALLAH is the creator of the universe (that we know) and all the things within it. Following are some of the verses of the Holy Quraan which guided humans in this regard:
a. Creator of man from clay: ‘WHO made all things good which he created and HE began the creation of man from clay’ (Surah Al-Sajda, Ayah No 7). ‘HE created man of clay like the potters’ (Surah Al-Rehman, Ayah No 14).
b. Originator of the universe: ‘The originator of the heavens and earth’ (Surah Al-Ana’m, Ayah No 102).
c. Creation of living things from water: ‘WE made from water every living thing, why do they not then believe?’ (Surah Anbiyah, Ayah No 30). ‘And ALLAH created every animal from water. Some creep up on their bellies, and others walk on two legs and other on four. ALLAH creates what HE wills. HE has power over all things’ (Surah Nur, Ayah No 45).
🔴 EASY MNEMONIC: Remember "Clay and Water" as the primary Quranic biological foundations mentioned.
Write down the contributions of some renowned Muslim scientists in the field of Biology and medicine.
Some Muslim scientists in Biology and Medicines:
1. Jabir Bin Hayyan: Year of birth: 721 AD | Year of death: 815 AD. Considered the father of chemistry. He was born in Iran. Contributions: Jabir Bin Hayyan wrote many books on plants and animals. His famous books are Al-Nabatat about plants and Al-Hayawan about animals. He was also an astronomer, pharmacist, physician, philosopher, and engineer.
2. Abdul Malik Asmai: Year of birth: 740 AD | Year of death: 828 AD. He was born in Basrah. He was a specialist of animal sciences. Contributions: Following are the famous books of Abdul Malik Asmai: Al-Kheil (about horses), Al-Ibil (about camels), A-Sha (about sheep), Al-Wahoosh (about wild animals), Khalaq-ul-Insan (is about the information on different parts and functions of the human body).
3. Bu Ali Sina: Year of birth: 980 AD | Year of death: 1037 AD. He was born in Bukhara. Contributions: He is famous for his contributions to medicine. He was also an expert in mathematics, astronomy, physics, paleontology, etc. He discussed the parts, functions, and diseases (130 diseases) of the Human eye. His most famous book is ‘Al-Qanoon fi-tib’.
4. Abu Usman Umar Al-jahiz: He wrote the famous book ‘Al-Hayawan’. In this book, he described the seasonal migration of fish in the river Tigris. He also discussed the life system of ants.
5. Al-Farabi: Year of birth: 870 AD | Year of death: 950 AD. Contributions: His famous books are ‘Kitab-ul-Nabatat’ about plants and ‘Kitab-ul-Hayawan’ about animals.
6. Abdul Qasim Al-Zahravi: Year of birth: 936 AD | Year of death: 1004 AD. Contributions: He was a great Muslim surgeon and was famous for the removal of stones from the urinary bladder.
7. Ibnul Haitham: Year of birth: 965 AD | Year of death: 1039 AD. Contributions: He was a great ophthalmologist. He corrected the Greek concept of vision locating the retina as the seat of vision. His famous books are ‘Kitab-ul-Manazir’ and ‘Mizan-ul-Hikma’.
8. Ibn-ul-Nafees: He was a well-known biologist in the 13th century AD. He described the circulation of blood in the human body.
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