Polish your concepts with Biology MCQs on Introduction to Cell Division and its types
Welcome to our comprehensive guide on "100 Important Biology MCQs on Cell Cycle and Cell Division". If you're a student who is preparing for Class 9 level board examinations or competitive entrance exams such as NEET, MDCAT, ETEA, NTS, CTS, CSS, PMA, Cadet Colleges, and others like these, this article is an excellent resource for you.
This article contains 100 multiple choice questions (MCQs) that cover various sub-topics related to cell cycle and cell division, including Interphase, Mitosis, Meiosis, Chromosomal Non-disjunction, Necrosis, and Apoptosis. These topics are essential for a thorough understanding of cell biology, and mastering them can help you ace your exams with flying colors.
In this guide, we have carefully curated these MCQs to provide you with a comprehensive overview of the concepts and their applications. With these questions, you can test your knowledge, assess your understanding, and identify the areas where you need improvement.
So, whether you're a student looking to strengthen your knowledge of cell cycle and cell division or a teacher searching for practice questions for your students, this article is a must-read. Let's dive in and explore these 100 Important Biology MCQs on Cell Cycle and Cell Division!
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| MCQs assessments on Introduction to Cell Cycle and Cell Division From the MCQs Library of H.E.S (Health, Education, and Skills) |
MCQs on Basic terms of Cell Division
1. What is cell division?A. A process of creating new cells with fewer chromosomes
B. A process of creating new cells with more chromosomes
C. A process by which mature parent cells divide into two daughter cells
D. A process of creating new cells with different functions
2. What are parent cells?
A. Cells that are born just after division
B. Cells that have fewer chromosomes
C. Cells that are not able to divide
D. Cells that reach their maximum possible size and are ready to divide
3. What are daughter cells?
A. Cells that have more chromosomes than parent cells
B. Cells that are unable to divide
C. Cells that are exact copies of parent cells
D. Cells that are smaller in size than parent cells
4. What is the unique feature of the number of chromosomes in daughter cells?
A. It is higher than the number of chromosomes in parent cells
B. It is lower than the number of chromosomes in parent cells
C. It is the same as the number of chromosomes in parent cells
D. It varies depending on the type of cell division
5. Why is the number of chromosomes unique to all species?
A. Because it depends on the environment
B. Because it changes during cell division
C. Because it is determined by the type of organism
D. Because it is genetically determined and specific to each species
6. Why is cell division necessary for the growth and repair of tissues?
A. It produces new cells that can differentiate into specialized cell types
B. It creates identical copies of existing cells
C. It allows for the production of energy
D. It helps in the elimination of waste products
7. In which organisms is cell division necessary for reproduction?
A. Multicellular organisms
B. Single-celled organisms
C. Plants
D. Insects
8. What is the importance of cell division in healing wounds?
A. It allows for the production of energy
B. It helps in the elimination of waste products
C. It creates new cells to replace damaged or old cells
D. It allows for the removal of foreign objects from the wound
9. Which of the following is a function of cell division in multicellular organisms?
A. Production of energy
B. Removal of waste products
C. Repair of damaged tissues
D. Elimination of harmful substances
10. How does cell division enable the continuation of the species in single-celled organisms?
A. By producing identical copies of the parent cell
B. By creating new cell types
C. By increasing the size of the parent cell
D. By reducing the number of chromosomes in the parent cell
MCQs on Basic terms of Cell Cycle
11. What is the cell cycle?
A. A series of events leading to the replication of a prokaryotic cell.
B. A process of genetic composition in a eukaryotic cell.
C. A series of events leading to the replication of a eukaryotic cell.
D. A process of cell separation in a prokaryotic cell.
12. What is another name for the cell cycle?
A. Mitosis
B. Meiosis
C. Binary fission
D. Cell division cycle
13. Why is the cell cycle important?
A. It allows for genetic mutations to occur.
B. It ensures that all cells in the organism have the same genetic composition.
C. It helps in the development of a mature organism from a single-celled fertilized egg.
D. It helps in the separation of chromosomes in a eukaryotic cell.
14. In prokaryotes, what is the first step in the cell cycle?
A. Chromosome separation
B. Cell division
C. DNA replication
D. Genetic composition
15. How does chromosome separation occur in prokaryotic cell division?
A. The cell pulls apart the chromosomes.
B. The DNA molecules attach to different parts of the cell.
C. The chromosomes replicate and attach to different parts of the cell.
D. The chromosomes separate on their own.
16. What happens to the genetic composition of each cell after division?
A. Each cell receives an exact number of chromosomes so they have the same genetic composition.
B. Each cell receives a different number of chromosomes resulting in different genetic compositions.
C. The genetic composition of each cell changes randomly.
D. The genetic composition of each cell is not affected by division.
17. Which type of cell undergoes binary fission during the cell cycle?
A. Eukaryotic cells
B. Prokaryotic cells
C. Animal cells
D. Plant cells
18. How many phases are there in the cell cycle?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
19. What is the name of the phase in which the cell grows and duplicates its DNA?
A. Interphase
B. Reproductive phase
C. Mitosis
D. Cytokinesis
20. What happens during the reproductive phase of the cell cycle?
A. The cell accumulates nutrients for division.
B. The cell splits into distinct cells called daughter cells.
C. The cell grows and duplicates its DNA.
D. The cell prepares for the next cell cycle.
21. Which phase of the cell cycle is also known as the growth phase?
A. Mitosis
B. Cytokinesis
C. Interphase
D. Reproductive phase
22. What is the purpose of the cell division phase of the cell cycle?
A. To grow and accumulate nutrients for division
B. To duplicate the cell's DNA
C. To split the cell into distinct daughter cells
D. To prepare the cell for the next cell cycle
MCQs on Significance of Mitosis and Meiosis
23. What is the significance of mitosis in growth?
A. It produces new offspring through vegetative reproduction
B. It enables the regeneration of lost body parts
C. It increases the number of cells in multicellular organisms
D. It allows for the repair of damaged cells
24. What is vegetative reproduction?
A. The production of new offspring through sexual reproduction
B. The formation of new cells to replace old ones
C. The regeneration of lost body parts
D. The production of new offspring through asexual reproduction
25. Why can vegetative reproduction occur only due to mitosis?
A. Because mitosis enables the regeneration of lost body parts
B. Because mitosis allows for the repair of damaged cells
C. Because mitosis creates new cells to replace old ones
D. Because mitosis produces offspring that are genetically different
26. What happens when old cells are not replaced through mitosis?
A. The organism becomes smaller in size
B. The organism becomes weaker and less efficient
C. The organism develops new cells to compensate
D. The damaged cells repair themselves without the need for replacement
27. What is the significance of meiosis in gamete production?
A. It increases the number of chromosomes in gamete cells
B. It ensures that gamete cells have the same genetic material as parent cells
C. It reduces the number of chromosomes in gamete cells
D. It creates new types of gamete cells
28. What is the difference between parent and daughter cells in meiosis?
A. Parent cells have haploid chromosomes, while daughter cells have diploid chromosomes
B. Parent cells have diploid chromosomes, while daughter cells have haploid chromosomes
C. Parent cells and daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes
D. Parent cells and daughter cells have different genetic material
29. How does meiosis contribute to genetic diversity?
A. By producing identical daughter cells
B. By reducing the number of chromosomes in daughter cells
C. By creating new types of gamete cells
D. By independent assortment of chromosomes during anaphase-I
30. What is the importance of independent assortment during meiosis?
A. It ensures that daughter cells have the same genetic material as parent cells
B. It reduces the number of chromosomes in daughter cells
C. It creates new types of gamete cells
D. It creates daughter cells that contain a different assortment of material and parental chromosomes
MCQs on Cytokinesis, Non-disjunction, Cell Necrosis. and Apoptosis
31. What is Cytokinesis?
A) The process of division of cytoplasm
B) The process of forming the nucleus
C) The process of DNA replication
D) The process of synthesizing proteins
32. What is non-disjunction?
A) The separation of chromosomes during mitosis
B) The failure of replicated chromosomes to separate during meiosis
C) The fusion of two gametes
D) The replication of DNA
33. What is the consequence of non-disjunction?
A) Separation of chromosomes
B) Down's syndrome
C) Fusion of gametes
D) DNA replication
34. What is trisomy?
A) The presence of one chromosome in the cell
B) The lack of one chromosome in the cell
C) The presence of a third copy of a homologous chromosome in the cell
D) The presence of two identical chromosomes in the cell
35. What is monosomy?
A) The presence of one chromosome in the cell
B) The lack of one chromosome in the cell
C) The presence of a third copy of a homologous chromosome in the cell
D) The presence of two identical chromosomes in the cell
36. What is Down's syndrome?
A) A male-specific disorder
B) A female-specific disorder
C) An autosomal non-disjunction of chromosome number 21
D) A genetic disorder caused by a mutation in DNA
37. What are the characteristics of a person with Down's syndrome?
A) Tall stature and mental retardation
B) Short stature and heart defects
C) Thin hair and criminal tendencies
D) High-pitched voice and obesity
38. What is Klinefelter's syndrome?
A) A male-specific disorder with two Y chromosomes
B) A female-specific disorder with one X chromosome
C) A genetic disorder caused by a mutation in DNA
D) A disorder caused by the lack of a homologous chromosome
39. What is Turner's syndrome?
A) A male-specific disorder with one Y chromosome
B) A female-specific disorder with one X chromosome
C) A genetic disorder caused by a mutation in DNA
D) A disorder caused by the presence of a third copy of a homologous chromosome
40. What is apoptosis?
A) Accidental cell death due to cell damage
B) Programmed cell death
C) The swelling and bursting of cells
D) The release of intracellular contents in the surroundings
41. Why is apoptosis important for maintaining tissue homeostasis?
A) It causes inflammation
B) It removes unwanted cells
C) It causes cell damage
D) It releases intracellular contents
42. What is the difference between apoptosis and necrosis?
A) Apoptosis is cell death due to unexpected and accidental cell damage, while necrosis is a programmed cell death process
B) Apoptosis causes inflammation, while necrosis does not
C) During apoptosis, the cellular contents are released, while during necrosis, they are not
D) Apoptosis is a crucial process for maintaining tissue homeostasis, while necrosis is not
43. What is an example of apoptosis?
A) The disappearance of the tadpole tail during metamorphosis
B) Cell swelling and bursting due to toxins
C) Inflammation due to cell death
D) Cell death due to hypoxia
44. What causes necrosis?
A) Programmed cell death
B) Lack of oxygen (hypoxia)
C) Maintaining tissue homeostasis
D) Removal of unwanted cells
45. What happens to the cells during necrosis?
A) They undergo programmed cell death
B) They release intracellular contents in the surroundings
C) They remove unwanted cells
D) They do not undergo any changes
MCQs on Interphase
46. What is Interphase?
A. The period between the start of mitosis and the end of the next prophase.
B. The period between the end of mitosis and the start of the next prophase.
C. The period between cytokinesis and DNA replication.
D. The period between the end of DNA replication and the start of cytokinesis.
47. What happens during Interphase?
A. The cell grows, accumulates nutrients for division, and duplicates its RNA.
B. The cell grows, accumulates nutrients for division, and duplicates its DNA.
C. The cell undergoes cell differentiation and develops into a specialized cell.
D. The cell undergoes apoptosis and self-destructs.
48. Which is the most significant event that occurs during Interphase?
A. The condensation of chromosomes.
B. The construction of the microtubule framework.
C. The replication of DNA.
D. The movement of centrioles towards both ends of the nucleus.
49. Which sub-phase of Interphase is the longest?
A. G2-phase.
B. S-phase.
C. M-phase.
D. G1-phase.
50. What happens during the G1-phase of Interphase?
A. RNA ribosomes and several enzymes are synthesized.
B. Chromosome replication occurs.
C. The condensation of chromosomes takes place.
D. The cell prepares for cytokinesis.
51. What happens during the S-phase of Interphase?
A. The cell grows and accumulates nutrients.
B. Chromosome replication occurs.
C. The condensation of chromosomes takes place.
D. The microtubule framework is constructed.
52. Which proteins and enzymes required for DNA synthesis occur during the S-phase?
A. RNA polymerase.
B. Ribonucleases.
C. DNA helicase.
D. DNA polymerase.
53. What happens during the G2-phase of Interphase?
A. The cell grows and accumulates nutrients.
B. Chromosome replication occurs.
C. The construction of the microtubule framework takes place.
D. The condensation of chromosomes takes place.
54. What is the most important event of the G2-phase of Interphase?
A. The construction of the microtubule framework.
B. The movement of centrioles towards both ends of the nucleus.
C. The replication of DNA.
D. The condensation of chromosomes.
55. What happens at the final stage of Interphase?
A. The replication of centrioles and their movement towards both ends of the nucleus occurs.
B. The cell undergoes apoptosis.
C. The cell differentiates into a specialized cell.
D. The cell prepares for cytokinesis.
56. Which of the following events occurs throughout the S-phase of Interphase?
A. Cell growth.
B. Chromosome replication.
C. Condensation of chromosomes.
D. Construction of the microtubule framework.
57. Which sub-phase of Interphase is the most important event of the cell cycle?
A. G1-phase.
B. S-phase.
C. G2-phase.
D. M-phase.
58. Which of the following is synthesized during the G1-phase of Interphase?
A. DNA polymerase.
B. RNA ribosomes.
C. Centrioles.
D. Microtubules.
MCQs on Types of Cell Division | Mitosis and Meiosis
59. What is cell division?
A) The process by which cells divide into two daughter cells
B) The process by which cells produce new DNA
C) The process by which cells merge into a single cell
D) The process by which cells produce energy
60. What are the two distinct phases of cell division?
A) Meiosis and mitosis
B) Karyokinesis and cytokinesis
C) DNA replication and cell division
D) Prophase and anaphase
61. What is karyokinesis?
A) The division of cytoplasm
B) The division of nuclear chromosomes
C) The formation of new cells
D) The production of DNA
62. What is cytokinesis?
A) The division of nuclear chromosomes
B) The division of cytoplasm
C) The formation of new cells
D) The production of DNA
63. How many types of cell division are there?
A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four
64. What is mitosis?
A) The division of nuclear chromosomes B) The division of cytoplasm
C) A type of cell division in which a single mature cell divides into two daughter cells having the same DNA composition
D) A type of cell division in which the diploid parental chromosomes reduce to haploid chromosomes in daughter cells
65. What is the purpose of mitosis?
A) To produce new DNA
B) To facilitate the growth of the body
C) To produce energy
D) To merge cells into a single cell
66. How many phases does mitosis have?
A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four
67. What is meiosis?
A) The division of nuclear chromosomes
B) The division of cytoplasm
C) A type of cell division in which a single mature cell divides into two daughter cells having the same DNA composition
D) The type of cell division in which the diploid parental chromosomes reduce to haploid chromosomes in daughter cells
68. When does meiosis occur in animals?
A) During the growth of the body
B) During the formation of male and female gametes
C) During the production of energy
D) During the formation of new cells
69. What is the process of meiosis called in plants?
A) Gametogenesis
B) Mitosis
C) Sporogenesis
D) Cytokinesis
70. Which of the following is the initial phase of mitosis?
A. Anaphase
B. Telophase
C. Prophase
D. Metaphase
71. What is the name of the protein that makes up spindle fibers?
A. Centromere
B. Chromatid
C. Tubulin
D. Aster
72. Which of the following is NOT a set of spindle fibers?
A. Astral microtubules
B. Kinetochores microtubules
C. Polar microtubules
D. Centromere microtubules
73. What is the name of the protein on centromeres to which kinetochore microtubules attach?
A. Aster
B. Centromere
C. Chromatid
D. Kinetochore
74. What is the structure formed by the outward radiating astral microtubules?
A. Chromosome
B. Kinetochore
C. Polar microtubule
D. Aster Correct
75. During prophase, what happens to the nuclear membrane?
A. It remains intact
B. It disappears
C. It divides into two
D. It condenses
76. What is the name of the region where chromatids are attached to each other?
A. Centromere
B. Chromosome
C. Kinetochore
D. Aster
77. Which set of spindle fibers attaches to kinetochores and moves chromosomes towards poles?
A. Polar microtubules
B. Centromere microtubules
C. Kinetochores microtubules
D. Astral microtubules
78. How many subunits does each chromosome have during the prophase of mitosis?
A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four
79. What is the name of the microtubule framework that appears between centrioles during prophase?
A. Centromere
B. Chromosome
C. Kinetochore
D. Spindle fibers
80. What is the name of the phase of mitosis in which chromosomes reach their maximum thickness?
A. Anaphase
B. Telophase
C. Metaphase
D. Prophase
81. What is the name of the region where chromosomes arrange themselves in metaphase?
A. Centromere
B. Kinetochore
C. Equatorial plate
D. Nucleus
82. Which type of microtubules remain detached in metaphase?
A. Polar microtubules
B. Kinetochore microtubules
C. Centromere microtubules
D. Astral microtubules
83. In which phase of mitosis does cytokinesis begin?
A. Prophase
B. Metaphase
C. Anaphase
D. Telophase
84. What is the name of the phase of mitosis in which daughter chromosomes move to the opposite poles?
A. Metaphase
B. Anaphase
C. Telophase
D. Prophase
85. What is the name of the region of chromatid attachment that divides during anaphase?
A. Centromere
B. Kinetochore
C. Equatorial plate
D. Nucleus
86. In which phase of mitosis does the spindle apparatus break down?
A. Prophase
B. Metaphase
C. Anaphase
D. Telophase
87. What is the name of the structure that appears around the daughter cell in telophase?
A. Nucleolus
B. Nuclear membrane
C. Spindle apparatus
D. Chromosome
88. During which phase of mitosis does the nucleolus reappear?
A. Prophase
B. Metaphase
C. Anaphase
D. Telophase
89. In which phase of mitosis do chromosomes uncoil?
A. Prophase
B. Metaphase
C. Anaphase
D. Telophase
90. What is the name of the structure to which kinetochore microtubules attach during metaphase?
A. Centromere
B. Kinetochore
C. Equatorial plate
D. Nucleus
91. Which type of microtubules attach to the chromosomes during metaphase?
A. Polar microtubules
B. Kinetochore microtubules
C. Centromere microtubules
D. Astral microtubules
92. At the end of which phase of mitosis is cytokinesis completed?
A. Prophase
B. Metaphase
C. Anaphase
D. Telophase
93. Which of the following are the two stages of meiosis?
A. Mitosis and Telophase
B. Meiosis I and Meiosis II
C. Prophase and Anaphase
D. Interphase and Metaphase
94. Which phase of meiosis is the longest?
A. Prophase I
B. Metaphase I
C. Anaphase I
D. Telophase I
95. What happens during Prophase I of meiosis?
A. Chromosomes become visible
B. Homologous chromosomes pair up
C. Chromosomes cross over
D. All of the above
96. What is the structure's name that forms when two homologous chromosomes pair up during Prophase I?
A. Chromatids
B. Centromeres
C. Tetrads
D. Kinetochore
97. During which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell?
A. Prophase I
B. Metaphase I
C. Anaphase I
D. Telophase I
98. What is the name of the process that creates new genetic combinations in sexually reproducing species during Anaphase I of meiosis?
A. Mitosis
B. Cytokinesis
C. Genetic recombination
D. Synapsis
99. What happens during Telophase I of meiosis?
A. Chromosomes become visible
B. Homologous chromosomes separate
C. Nuclear membrane reappears
D. Spindle fibers move toward the center
100. What is the name of the phase of meiosis where homologous chromosomes arrange themselves on the metaphase plate?
A. Prophase I
B. Metaphase I
C. Anaphase I
D. Telophase I
Answers
1. C 2. D 3. C 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. A 11. C 12. D 13. C 14. C 15. A 16. A 17. B 18. B 19. A 20. B 21. C 22. C 23. C 24. D 25. C 26. B 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. D 31. A 32. B 33. B 34. C 35. B 36. C 37. B 38. A 39. B 40. B 41. B 42. C 43. A 44. B 45. B 46. B 47. B 48. C 49. D 50. A 51. B 52. D 53. C 54. A 55. A 56. A 57. B 58. B 59. A 60. B 61. B 62. B 63. B 64. C 65. B 66. D 67. D 68. B 69. C 70. C 71. C 72. D 73. D 74. D 75. B 76. A 77. C 78. B 79. D 80. C. 81. C 82. A 83. C 84. B 85. A 86. D 87. B 88. D 89. D 90. B 91. B 92. D 93. B 94. A 95. D 96. C 97. C 98. C 99. C 100. B
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