Chemistry Notes on Solutions Short Answers | For Class/Grade 9 level board exams

Topic-wise Short Answers of Grade IX Chemistry Notes For Higher Grades in all types of Exams.

Short and Conceptual Question's Answer on the Chapter of "Solutions" | Chemistry Course
Presented by H.E.S (Health, Education, and Skills)

    Here in this article we are going to explore some basic terms and phenomenons used in one of the most important topic of Chemistry i.e. "Solutions and its types" in short answers form. These short answers form the foundation for higher classes such as Higer Secondary School Certification exams, EATA, Higer Board Examinations, Entrance and Competitive examination. 

For Long Question's Answers on this Chapter i.e. Kindly Click Here

What do you mean by the term Solutions? Explain your answer.

Solutions

The homogeneous mixture of two or more substances is called Solution.

Explanation

    The following points are important for describing Solutions.

• In Solutions the mixture is always homogeneous (having uniform distribution).
• As a Solution is a type of mixture, its components combine physically.
• In Solutions, the dissolved substances can't be seen even through a high-power resolving microscope.                                     
• Solutions like mixtures have variable compositions.  
• Solutions have the following two components               
• Dissolved substances called Solutes (Like Salt) and
• Dissolving substances called Solvents (Like Water).
• Because of having two components Solutions are also called Binary Solutions.

For example Salt dissolved in Water becomes homogeneous so it is a Solution.

Describe different types of solutions on the basis of the state of solvents.

Types of solutions on the basis of the state of solvents

    On the basis of states of solvents i.e. solid solvents, liquid solvents, and solvents in gas form, the following are the nine types of solutions.       

Type of solutions	Example of solutions		Solute	Solvent
1Gas solutions üGas in gas üLiquid in gas üSolid in gas	Air Fog Smoke		Oxygen (G) Water vapours (L) Carbon particles(S)	Nitrogen (G) Air (G) Air (G)
Liquid solutions ü  Gas in liquid ü  Liquid in liquid ü  Solid in liquid	HCl solution Vinegar  Sea water		HCl (G) Acetic acid (L) NaCl (S)	Water (L) Water (L) Water (L)
3.       Solid solutions ü  Gas in solid ü  Liquid in solid ü  Solid in solid	Hydrogen in palladium Dental amalgam Brass (Alloy)		Hydrogen (G) Mercury (L) Zinc (S)	Palladium (S) Silver (S) Copper (S)
ü  Abbreviations used:		G (Gas)	L (Liquid)	S (Solid)

 

Define, explain and give examples of the following terms used in Solutions.
i. Aqueous Solution
ii. Saturated Solutions
iii. Unsaturated Solutions
iv. Super-saturated Solutions
v. Dilute Solutions and Concentrated Solutions

I. Aqueous Solution

That type of solution in which water act as a solvent for most of its solutes is called an Aqueous Solution.

Explanation

    In aqueous solutions, the solute may be anything like Sugar, Salt, Ethyl Alcohol, etc. but the solvent will be only Water. It is because Water is a Universal Solvent for most Ionic and Covalent compounds.

Examples of aqueous solutions

    The solution of Salt and Water, Sugar and Water, and Ethyl Alcohol and Water are some of examples of aqueous solutions.

II. Saturated Solution

That type of solution in which no more solute can be dissolved in a solvent at any particular temperature is called Saturated Solution.

Explanation

    Consider the following example for understanding saturated solutions.

If we take 150g of Sugar in 500 mL (milli-liter) of water at room temperature it will dissolve easily, but if we take 200g of Sugar and dissolve it in 500 mL of water some amount of solute will remain undissolved at room temperature. It is because the solution becomes saturated and is so called saturated solution.

III. Unsaturated Solution

That type of solution that has less amount of solute than required to become saturated at a particular temperature is called Unsaturated Solution.

Explanation

    Consider the following example to understand Unsaturated Solutions.

    If we take 500mL of Water which becomes saturated at 150g of Sugar but we add only 120g of Sugar then it will be unsaturated because it will require 30g more sugar to become saturated.

IV. Super-saturated Solution

That type of solution dissolved more amount of Solute than required to become saturated at a particular temperature.

Explanation

    Consider the following example to understand super-saturated solutions.

    If 200g of Sugar is added to 500mL of Water 50g will remain undissolved but by heating the solution its capacity for dissolution will increase and no solute will have left undissolved. But if we put 220g more solute then it will remain undissolved because it became super saturated for that particular temperature.

v. Dilute Solution and Concentrated Solution

That type of solution in which less amount of solute is dissolved in a definite amount of solvent is called Dilute Solution.

That type of Solution in which more amount of solute is dissolved in a definite amount of solvent is called Concentrated Solution.

Explanation

    If we add 120g of Sugar and add it to 500mL of Water then this will be a Dilute Solution and if we add 150g of Sugar to 500mL of Water which will be Concentrated compared to previous one.

Define and explain the term Solubility.

Solubility

That amount of Solute which is required to saturate 100g of the Solvent at particular temperature is called Solubility.

Explanation

    In simple words we can say that Solubility means the ability of Solute to saturate 100g of Solvent. Different substances have different Solubilities.

    For example, Sodium Nitrate (NaNO₃) is more soluble in water than Silver Chloride (AgCl₂) at particular temperature.

    Solubility = (Mass of solute) / (Mass of solvent) x 100

Explain solutions of liquid in liquid.

Solutions of liquids in liquids

    Solutions of liquids in liquids are classified into three classes

I. Completely miscible liquids

Liquids which mix up with each other in all proportions are called completely miscible liquids.

    Examples: Water and alcohol, benzene and toluene etc. 

II. Completely immiscible liquids

Liquids which do not mixes at all are called completely immiscible liquids.

    Examples:  Water and Benzene, Water and carbon-di-Sulphide, water and carbon-tetra-chloride etc.

III.  Partially miscible liquids

Liquids which mix up with each other up to limited extent are called partially miscible liquids.

    Examples: Water and phenol, water and ether, water and nicotine etc.

Compare between Solution, Suspension and Colloids.  

Comparison/Differences between Solution, Suspension and Colloids

Sr#	Basis of distinction	Solution	Suspension	Colloids
1	Definition	A homogeneous mixture of two or more different substances is called solution.	A heterogeneous mixture of two or more the two different substances is called suspension.	The solution in which the solution particles are bigger than solution and smaller than suspension is called colloids.
2	Composition	Solution has uniform composition throughout.	Suspension has non-uniform composition throughout.	The composition of colloids is not homogeneous throughout.
3	Size of particles	The particles of solution can’t be seen with naked eyes because they are small.	The size of solute particles in suspension is large than solution and can be seen with naked eyes.	The solute particles of colloidal solution are bigger than solution but smaller than suspension and can’t be seen with naked eyes.
4	Filtration	The solute particles of solution can pass through a filter paper in filtration.	The solute particles of suspension can’t pass through a filter paper in filtration.	The solute particles of colloidal solution can pass through a filter paper in filtration.
5	Examples	Dissolution of NaCl in water.	Chalk in water, mud in water, Medicine syrups.	Mixture of starch in water, mixture of ink drops in water.