IQ Boost with 100+ MCQs on Introduction to Photosynthesis and Respirations for Exams and Tests
Are you a student preparing for an upcoming biology exam or test? Do you struggle with understanding the concepts of bioenergetics, photosynthesis, and respiration? Look no further! In this article, we will provide you with a set of multiple-choice questions (MCQs) that cover the basics of bioenergetics, including oxidation-reduction reactions, photosynthesis, respiration, glycolysis, Kreb's Cycle, and the respiratory electron transport chain. These MCQs are essential for exams and tests such as Board Exams, NEET, MDCAT, NTS, CSS, PMS, PMA, and many more. By attempting these MCQs, you can test your knowledge and clear your concepts, ultimately leading to better exam results and passing tests/entrance exams. Let's get started!
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| Biology MCQs on Introduction to Photosynthesis and Respiration From the MCQs Library of H.E.S (Health, Education, and Skills) |
MCQs on Basic terms and definitions
1. What is bioenergetics?A. The study of living organisms
B. The study of energy
C. The study of metabolic activities
D. The study of storing, using, and releasing energy
2. Which type of reaction requires energy?
A. Endergonic reactions
B. Exergonic reactions
C. Respiration
D. None
3 Which process converts energy from one form to another in living organisms?
A. Photosynthesis
B. Respiration
C. Bioenergetics
D. Metabolism
4. What is an example of an endergonic reaction?
A. Photosynthesis
B. Respiration
C. Both A and B
D. None of the above
5. Which field benefits from the study of bioenergetics?
A. Agriculture
B. Medicine
C. Biotechnology
D. All of the above
6. What is the process by which green plants capture solar energy and convert it into stored chemical energy?
A. Cellular respiration
B. Photosynthesis
C. Metabolism
D. Fermentation
7. What happens to the energy stored in glucose molecules during respiration?
A. It is converted into light energy
B. It is converted into mechanical and heat energy
C. It is released into the environment
D. It is converted into sound energy
8. What is oxidation?
A. The gain of electrons
B. The gain of hydrogen
C. The loss of electrons
D. The loss of hydrogen
9. What is reduction?
A. The gain of electrons
B. The gain of hydrogen
C. The loss of electrons
D. The loss of hydrogen
10. What are photosynthesis and respiration examples of?
A. Oxidation reactions
B. Reduction reactions
C. Redox reactions
D. None of the above
11. What is the primary energy currency used by cells?
A. ATP
B. ADP
C. AMP
D. GTP
12. What is the importance of oxidation-reduction reactions?
A. They store and release biological energy
B. They regulate cell division
C. They break down cell membranes
D. They control metabolic pathways
13. What is reduced during photosynthesis?
A. CO2
B. Water
C. Sugar
D. Oxygen
14. What is oxidized during respiration?
A. CO2
B. Water
C. Sugar
D. Oxygen
15. Why would life processes be impossible without oxidation-reduction reactions?
A. Because they produce too much energy
B. Because they consume too much energy
C. Because they regulate metabolic pathways
D. Because they store and release biological energy
MCQs on Introduction to Photosyntehsis
16. Which two Greek words combine to form the word "photosynthesis"?
A. Light and reaction
B. Oxygen and manufacture
C. Sunlight and food
D. Light and synthesis
17. What are the reactants in photosynthesis?
A. Glucose and oxygen
B. Water and oxygen
C. Carbon dioxide and water
D. Carbon dioxide and glucose
18. What are the products of photosynthesis?
A. Water and oxygen
B. Carbon dioxide and glucose
C. Glucose and oxygen
D. Carbon dioxide and water
19. What is the overall reaction of photosynthesis?
A. 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2
B. C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
C. CO2 + H2O → C6H12O6 + O2
D. C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O
20. What are autotrophs?
A. Plants that carry out photosynthesis
B. Plants that depend on other plants for food
C. Animals that carry out photosynthesis
D. Animals that cannot use sunlight for energy
21. Why do heterotrophs depend on green plants?
A. For their water requirements
B. For their energy requirements
C. For their oxygen requirements
D. For their carbon dioxide requirements
22. What happens if photosynthesis stops?
A. Life becomes more sustainable
B. Life becomes impossible
C. Life becomes easier for heterotrophs
D. Life becomes more dependent on animals
23. How does photosynthesis help regulate the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
A. It emits carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
B. It converts carbon dioxide into oxygen
C. It removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
D. It converts carbon dioxide into pyruvate
24. What is the importance of photosynthesis in ecosystems?
A. It supports the survival of countless species
B. It only supports the survival of green plants
C. It increases the impact of greenhouse gases
D. It reduces the concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere
25. What is the source of energy used by heterotrophs?
A. Sunlight
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Water
D. Other organisms
26. What is the potential benefit of photosynthesis in terms of energy production?
A. It can produce nuclear energy
B. It can produce fossil fuels
C. It can produce renewable biofuels
D. It can produce non-renewable biofuels
27. What is the main function of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
A. Absorbing blue and red portions of sunlight
B. Absorbing green portion of sunlight
C. Reflecting sunlight
D. None of the above
28. What happens when chlorophyll absorbs light?
A. Its electrons are excited
B. Its electrons are destroyed
C. Its electrons are converted into glucose
D. None of the above
29. In which part of the cell is chlorophyll present in plants and algae?
A. Mitochondria
B. Nucleus
C. Chloroplast
D. Ribosome
30. Which of the following is the main photosynthetic pigment?
A. Chlorophyll a
B. Chlorophyll b
C. Carotenoids
D. Bacteriochlorophyll
31. What are accessory pigments in photosynthesis?
A. Pigments that reflect sunlight
B. Pigments that reflect a green portion of sunlight
C. Pigments that enhance the absorption of the blue and red portions of sunlight D. None of the above
32. Which pigments absorb energy from sunlight in photosynthesis?
A. Chlorophyll and carotenoids
B. Chlorophyll and bacteriochlorophyll
C. Chlorophyll and anthocyanins
D. Chlorophyll and phycobilins
33. What are photosystems?
A. Clusters of photosynthetic pigments in the thylakoid membrane
B. Clusters of pigments that reflect sunlight
C. Clusters of pigments that absorb the green portion of sunlight
D. None of the above
34. Which types of organisms have chlorophyll present in the cell membrane?
A. Animals
B. Plants
C. Fungi
D. Photosynthetic prokaryotes
35. What is the percentage of CO2 present in the air?
A. 0.1%
B. 0.03%
C. 0.5%
D. 1%
36. Where are stomata present in the leaf?
A. Upper epidermis
B. Middle layer
C. Lower epidermis
D. None of the above
37. What guards each stoma?
A. Two bean-shaped guard cells
B. Two round-shaped guard cells
C. Two square-shaped guard cells
D. Two triangle-shaped guard cells
38. What is the first step of the diffusion of CO2?
A. CO2 attaches to mesophyll cells
B. CO2 enters green cells
C. CO2 diffuses into intercellular spaces
D. CO2 enters the stroma
MCQs on Mechanisms of Photosynthesis Light and Dark Reaction
39. In which reaction is the carbon of CO2 fixed?
A. Light reaction
B. Dark reaction
C. Both reactions
D. None of the above
40. How is water transported upward to the stem and leaves?
A. Through phloem vessels
B. Through xylem vessels
C. Through stomata
D. Through roots
41. What is the fate of most of the water absorbed by the plants?
A. It is used in photosynthesis
B. It is used in metabolic activities
C. It is transpired
D. It is stored in the leaves
42. What is Lebig's about?
A. It is a law of thermodynamics
B. It is a law of gravity
C. It is a law of limiting factors
D. It is a law of motion
43. According to Lebig's law of limiting factors, what limits the rate of a chemical process?
A. The factor which is present in maximum quantity
B. The factor which is present in minimum quantity
C. The factor which is not related to the chemical process
D. None of the above
44. What is a limiting factor?
A. A factor that increases the rate of a metabolic reaction
B. A factor that decreases the rate of a metabolic reaction
C. A factor that has no effect on the rate of a metabolic reaction
D. A factor that changes the type of a metabolic reaction
45. What are the factors that affect the process of photosynthesis?
A. Light, water, oxygen, and optimum temperature
B. Light, chlorophyll, CO2, water, and optimum temperature
C. Oxygen, nitrogen, CO2, and water
D. Chlorophyll, nitrogen, CO2, and water
46. What happens when all other requirements for photosynthesis are optimum but CO2 is low?
A. The rate of photosynthesis increases
B. The rate of photosynthesis decreases
C. The rate of photosynthesis remains the same
D. The type of photosynthesis changes
MCQs on Respiration, its types, and mechanism
47. What is respiration?
A. The process of breaking down inorganic compounds
B. The process of breaking down organic food to release energy
C. The process of combining inorganic food to release energy
D. None
48. What is the reaction to respiration?
A. C6H12O6 → 6CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy
B. 6CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy → C6H12O6
C. C6H12O6 + 6 H2O + Energy → 6CO2
D. 6CO2 → C6H12O6 + 6 H2O + Energy
49. What is anaerobic respiration?
A. Respiration that takes place in the presence of free oxygen
B. Respiration that takes place in the absence of free oxygen
C. Respiration that involves Krebs’s cycle
D. Respiration that releases more energy than aerobic respiration
50. What are the two types of anaerobic respiration?
A. Alcoholic fermentation and photosynthesis
B. Lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation
C. Glycolysis and Krebs’s cycle
D. Photosynthesis and glycolysis
51. What is aerobic respiration?
A. Respiration that takes place in the absence of free oxygen
B. Respiration that involves only glycolysis
C. Respiration that involves complete oxidation of food into CO2 and water
D. Respiration that releases less energy than anaerobic respiration
52. What are the three steps involved in aerobic respiration?
A. Glycolysis, fermentation, and Krebs’s cycle
B. Krebs’s cycle, glycolysis, and fermentation
C. Glycolysis, Krebs’s cycle, and electron transport chain
D. Electron transport chain, glycolysis, and Krebs’s cycle
53. Why is respiration important for living organisms?
A. It provides the raw materials for growth and reproduction
B. It helps in movement and locomotion
C. It produces oxygen for the organism to breathe
D. It provides energy for life activities
54. How many ATP molecules are generated in total when one molecule of glucose undergoes aerobic respiration?
A) 38
B) 36
C) 30
D) 2
55. What is the total number of ATP molecules generated in glycolysis?
A) 2
B) 6
C) 8
D) 36
56. What is the net gain of ATP molecules in aerobic respiration after considering the consumption of ATP by NADPH2 of glycolysis?
A) 38
B) 36
C) 30
D) 8
57. What is the complete oxidation product of pyruvic acid in Krebs's cycle?
A) Carbon dioxide and water
B) Pyruvic acid
C) ATP
D) NADPH2
58. What is ATP?
A. A type of sugar
B. A source of energy in living cells
C. A type of protein
D. A waste product of cellular respiration
59. What is the full form of ATP?
A. Adenosine Tri-phosphate
B. Adenosine Tetra-phosphate
C. Adenine Tri-phosphate
D. Adenine Tetra-phosphate
60. What happens when ATP is hydrolyzed?
A. It forms ADP and organic phosphate
B. It forms ADP and inorganic phosphate
C. It forms AMP and inorganic phosphate
D. It forms AMP and organic phosphate
61. Which component of ATP is an organic molecule?
A. Ribose sugar
B. Phosphate group
C. Adenine
D. Both A and C
62. What type of bond yields more energy upon hydrolysis in ATP?
A. Low-energy phosphate bond
B. Covalent bond
C. High-energy phosphate bond
D. Hydrogen bond
63. How many phosphate groups are there in ATP?
A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four
64. What is the structure of ribose sugar in ATP?
A. A six-carbon ring
B. A five-carbon ring
C. A four-carbon ring
D. A three-carbon ring
65. Which symbol represents high-energy phosphate bonds in ATP?
A. -
B. ~
C. #
D. *
66. Which of the following is not a step in the synthesis of ATP?
A. Adenine combining with a 5-carbon ribose sugar to form adenosine
B. Bonding of phosphate to adenosine to form AMP
C. Addition of another phosphate group to AMP to form ADP
D. Hydrolysis of ATP into ADP and phosphate
67. What is the energy source for the synthesis of ATP?
A. Sunlight
B. Breakdown of glucose during respiration
C. Photosynthesis
D. Cellular waste products
68. What is the energy cost for the synthesis of ATP?
A. 3.7 Kcal
B. 73 Kcal
C. 730 Kcal
D. 7.3 Kcal
69. Which of the following molecules is not involved in the synthesis of ATP?
A. Adenine
B. Ribose
C. Glucose
D. Phosphate
70. What is the molecule formed when phosphate is bonded to adenosine?
A. AMP
B. ADP
C. ATP
D. Glucose
71. Which of the following is an exergonic reaction?
A. Synthesis of ATP
B. Hydrolysis of ATP
C. Synthesis of glucose
D. None
72. What is the structure of the chloroplast?
A. Two membranes and a granum
B. A single membrane and a stroma
C. A double membrane and a stroma
D. A single membrane and a granum
73. What is a granum in the chloroplast?
A. A type of enzyme
B. A stack of flattened sacs called thylakoids
C. A gel-like solution called matrix
D. A type of pigment molecule
74. What is the function of the grana in the chloroplast?
A. To provide structure to the chloroplast
B. To trap light for photosynthesis
C. To produce enzymes for photosynthesis
D. To store energy in the form of glucose
75. Which of the following is present within the membrane of thylakoids?
A. Enzymes
B. Chlorophyll and carotenoids
C. Matrix
D. Stacks
76. What is the function of the stroma in the chloroplast?
B. To trap light for photosynthesis
C. To produce enzymes for photosynthesis
77. What is the gel-like solution in the stroma called?
A. Enzyme-rich solution
B. Thylakoid solution
C. Granum solution
D. Matrix
78. What is the visible appearance of grana under a light microscope?
A. Sacs
B. Coins
C. Stacks
D. Pouches
79. Which of the following is not a product of the light reaction?
A. ATP
B. NADPH2
C. CO2
D. Oxygen
80. Where does the light reaction of photosynthesis take place?
A. Stroma
B. Cytoplasm
C. Grana
D. Mitochondria
81. Which photosystem absorbs light of 700 nm and is called P-700?
A. Photosystem-I
B. Photosystem-II
C. Photosynthetic pigments
D. Chloroplast
82. What is the Calvin cycle?
A. A reaction that takes place in grana
B. A reaction that doesn't require energy from sunlight
C. A reaction that produces ATP
D. A reaction that produces oxygen
83. Who investigated the Calvin cycle?
A. Calvin Klein
B. Melvin Calvin
C. John Calvin
D. Calvin Harris
84. Where does the dark reaction of photosynthesis take place?
A. Grana
B. Cytoplasm
C. Stroma
D. Mitochondria
85. What is the function of NADPH2 in the dark reaction?
A. To reduce CO2
B. To provide hydrogen
C. To provide energy
D. To produce glucose
86. What is the main product of the dark reaction?
A. Oxygen
B. ATP
C. NADPH2
D. Glucose
87. What is the equation for the reduction of CO2 in the dark reaction?
A. CO2 + ATP → C6H12O6 + 6H2O
B. CO2 + NADPH2 → C6H12O6 + 6H2O
C. CO2 + Glucose → ATP + NADPH2
D. CO2 + Sunlight → Glucose + Oxygen
88. What is the effect of intense light on the rate of photosynthesis?
A. It accelerates the process
B. It slows down the process
C. It damages the chlorophyll
D. It has no effect on the process
89. What is the only source of Carbon in the production of Glucose?
A. Oxygen
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Nitrogen
D. Water
90. What is the optimum temperature range for photosynthesis?
A. Between 0°C and 10°C
B. Between 10°C and 20°C
C. Between 20°C and 30°C
D. Above 30°C
91. At what temperature does the process of photosynthesis stop completely?
A. 10°C
B. 20°C
C. 30°C
D. 45°C
92. Which type of microorganisms carry out alcoholic fermentation?
A) Yeast
B) Bacteria
C) Fungi
D) Both A and C
93. What is the end product of alcoholic fermentation?
A) Lactic acid
B) Ethanol
C) Carbon dioxide
D) Both B and C
94. How many ATP molecules are produced in the second step of lactic acid fermentation?
A) 0 ATP
B) 1 ATP
C) 2 ATP
D) 4 ATP
95. Which type of fermentation is carried out by muscle cells of human beings during excessive energy demand?
A) Alcoholic fermentation
B) Ethanol fermentation
C) Lactic acid fermentation
D) None of the above
96. Which type of fermentation is responsible for the production of alcohol in the brewing and wine-making industry?
A) Alcoholic fermentation
B) Ethanol fermentation
C) Lactic acid fermentation
D) None of the above
97. What is the meaning of “Glyco” in glycolysis?
A. Glucose
B. Enzyme
C. Acid
D. Oxygen
98. What is the location of glycolysis?
A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondria
C. Cytosol
D. Endoplasmic reticulum
99. How many ATP molecules are used in glycolysis?
A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four
100. How many ATP molecules are produced in glycolysis?
A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four
101. Who discovered the Krebs cycle?
A. Sir Isaac Newton
B. Sir Hans Krebs
C. Albert Einstein
D. Charles Darwin Answer: B. Sir Hans Krebs
102. Where does the Krebs cycle take place?
A. Cytosol
B. Nucleus
C. Mitochondria
D. Endoplasmic reticulum
103. What is the end product of the Krebs cycle?
A. Pyruvic acid
B. Glucose
C. CO2 and water
D. ATP Answer: C. CO2 and water
104. How many ATP molecules are produced in the Krebs cycle?
A. 2
B. 4
C. 6
D. 36
105. What is the transport of electrons through a series of cytochromes known as?
A. Glycolysis
B. Krebs cycle
C. Electron transport chain
D. Aerobic respiration
106. What is the oxidation of reduced coenzyme in ETC?
A. NADH
B. ATP
C. CO2
D. Water
107. What accepts electrons at the end of ETC?
A. NADH
B. ATP
C. CO2
D. Oxygen
108. What is the function of the cytochromes in ETC?
A. Transport glucose
B. Release energy
C. Pass electrons along
D. Form ATP
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