Mastering Vitamins for Professional Exams | 200 All-in-One MCQs You Need to Know
Welcome to our article on Biochemistry MCQs on Vitamins for BS Nursing, Paramedics, BS Biochemistry, Medical licensing, and entrance exams. In this article, we will be discussing the essential role of vitamins in the human body and their significance in various medical fields in a multiple-choice questions format.
In this article, we will be providing multiple-choice questions (MCQs) on vitamins to test your understanding and help you prepare for exams. We will be covering vitamins such as Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, and Vitamin K, among others. These MCQs will help you to revise and consolidate your knowledge, as well as identify areas where you need to focus more.
So, let's dive into the world of vitamins and biochemistry and test your knowledge with these MCQs.
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| Biochemistry MCQs on Water and Fats soluble Vitamins From the MCQs Library of H.E.S (Health, Education, and Skills) |
MCQs on Introduction to Vitamins
1. Organic compounds required in trace amounts to perform specific cellular functions are called ..........A. Enzymes
B. Co-enzymes
C. Vitamins
D. None
2. Human body cannot synthesize vitamins except vitamin......, vitamin.... and some of the vitamins of the B-complex.
A. A, D
B. C, D
C. A, K
D. D, K
MCQs On Fat-soluble Vitamins
3. Vitamins are classified into two groups i.e. fat soluble and water soluble. Fat-soluble vitamins include A, D, ......, and ......A. B, E
B. B-complex, K
C. C, B-complex
D. E, C
4. Only the vitamin ........ has a coenzyme activity.
A. A
B. D
C. E
D. K
5. .......... vitamins are not readily excreted in the urine.
A. Water soluble
B. Fats soluble
C. Both A and B
D. None
6. Fats soluble vitamins are stored in significant amounts in ......... and .......
A. Liver, Muscles
B. Liver, Skin
C. Adipose tissues, Liver
D. Adipose tissues, Skin
MCQs On Vitamin-A (Retinol)
7. Colostrum, a form of milk produced in late pregnancy and a few days after giving birth, is a rich source of vitamin ........A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
8. .......... is also known as Pro-Vitamin A.
A. Lenthicine
B. Morphine
C. Choline
D. Carotene
9. Carotenes do not have any vitamin A activity. They are converted to active Vitamin A under the influence of ........
A. Adenine
B. Thyroxine
C. Asprangine
D. None
10. In Hypothyroidism, carotene accumulates in the blood resulting in a condition known as ..........
A. Leukemia
B. Carotenemia
C. Glycemia
D. Both A and B
11. Conversion of carotenes to active Vitamin-A is also decreased in .........
A. Hypocalcemia
B. Diabetes Mellitus
C. Haemophilia
D. Hypercalcemia
12. ............ present in the diet are hydrolyzed to free fatty acid and retinol (Vitamin-A).
A. Cholesterol esters
B. Carotene
C. Retinol esters
D. Both B and C
13. .......... present in our diet are cleaved and reduced to retinol.
A. Carotene
B. Leucine
C. Glycine
D. Both B and C
14. In the intestinal mucosa, ......... is re-esterified to the long-chain fatty acid.
A. Retinol
B. Carotene
C. Beta Carotene
D. Both B and C
15. The esterified Vitamin-A is absorbed by the intestine and released into the lymphatics as a component of ............
A. Phospholipids
B. Chylomicrons
C. Acylglycerols
D. Both B and C
16. Retinol esters, present in chylomicrons, are taken up and stored in the ........
A. Stomach
B. Liver
C. Pancrease
D. Intestine
MCQs on Functions of Vitamin-A
17. .........performs all the functions of Vitamin-A.A. Retinal (aldehyde form of retinol)
B. Retinoic acid
C. Rentonine
D. None
18. Retinoic acid, the oxidized form of retinol, performs the functions of growth and maintenance of ............... tissues.
A. Gastric
B. Epithelial
C. Nervous
D. Both A and B
19. Vitamin-A is a component of the visual pigment called ...........
A. Opsin
B. Retopsin
C. Rhodopsin
D. Retinoic acid
20. Rhodopsin consists of 11-cis-retinal, that specifically bound to the protein known as ...........
A. Retin
B. Opsin
C. Trypsin
D. None
21. Rhodopsin is essential for vision in ........ light.
A. Dim
B. Bright
C. Intense
D. Both B and C
22. The time required for re-synthesis of Rhodopsin depends upon the intensity of light thrown in the eyes, and the availability of Vitamin -----------.
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
23. If Vitamin-A is deficient, synthesis of rhodopsin can not take place, and the person becomes unable to see in dim light, the condition is known as .............
A. Dim blindness
B. Night blindness
C. Light Blindness
D. Both A and B
24. Retinol and Retinal also support ............. in males.
A. Morphogenesis
B. Glycogenesis
C. Spermatogenesis
D. Both B and C
25. Vitamin-A helps in the synthesis of ..........
A. Glucosteroids
B. Glucocorticoids
C. Glucagon
D. Glucose
26. Vitamin-A is also required for the normal activity of mitochondria. An excess or a deficiency of Vit-A interferes with .........
A. Photophosphorylation
B. Oxidative Phosphorylation
C. Reductive phosphorylation
D. None
MCQs on Diseases caused by Vitamin-A deficiency
27. Night Blindness is medically known as .........A. Noctopia
B. Nycytalopia
C. Xerophthalmia
D. None
28. What is xerophthalmia?
a. A type of eye infection
b. A condition caused by a deficiency in vitamin A
c. A condition characterized by dryness of the eyes
d. A type of eye cancer
29. What are the symptoms of xerophthalmia?
a. Dryness of the eyes, eye irritation, and vision loss
b. Redness of the eyes, swelling of the eyelids, and discharge from the eyes
c. Headache, fatigue, and fever
d. Rash, itching, and swelling of the skin
30. What are the main causes of xerophthalmia?
a. Vitamin A deficiency and malnutrition
b. Poor hygiene and exposure to infections
c. Excessive alcohol consumption and tobacco use
d. All of the above
b. Poor hygiene and exposure to infections
c. Excessive alcohol consumption and tobacco use
d. All of the above
31. How is xerophthalmia treated?
a. With eye drops or ointments to moisturize the eyes
b. With antibiotics to treat any infections
c. With a diet rich in vitamin A
d. All of the above
32. Can xerophthalmia be prevented?
a. Yes, by consuming a diet rich in vitamin A and practicing good hygiene
b. No, it is a genetic condition that cannot be prevented
c. Yes, by avoiding exposure to infections and harmful substances
d. No, it is a chronic condition that cannot be prevented
MCQs on Activation and Mechanism of action of Vitamin D
33. Vitamin D2 and D3 are converted to the active form by two sequential ............ reactions.A. Carboxylation
B. Neutralization
C. Sublimation
D. Hydroxylation
34. 1st Hydroxylation in Vitamin A occurs in the liver where, by the action of Hydroxylase, Vitamin D2, and D3 are converted into .......
A. 20-Hydroxy Cholecalciferol
B. 25-Hydroxy Cholecalciferol
C. 25-Carboxy Cholecalciferol
D. None
35. In the second Hydroxylation (that occurs in the kidney) 25-Hydroxy Cholecalciferol is converted into ...........
A. 1, 20-Dihydroxy Cholecalciferol
B. 1, 20-Trihydroxy Cholecalciferol
C. 1, 25-Dihydroxy Cholecalciferol
D. 1, 25-Trihydroxy Cholecalciferol
36. 1,25-Dihydroxy Cholecalciferol (1,25-Di OH D3) is the .......... form of Vitamin D.
A. Active
B. Inactive
C. Semi-activated
D. Both B and C
37. The most prominent action of 1,25-Di OH D3 is to regulate Plasma ........... level.
A. Mg
B. Fe
C. Na
D. None
MCQs on Functions of Vitamin D
38. 1,25-Di OH D3 maintain Plasma Ca++ level in the following wayA. Increase uptake of Ca++ by the intestine.
B. Minimize loss of Ca++ by the kidney.
C. Stimulate resorption of bone, when needed.
D. All of the above
39. Which of the following is NOT a known effect of vitamin D on the intestine?
A) It helps to regulate the absorption of calcium and phosphate.
B) It helps to reduce inflammation.
C) It helps to stimulate the production of insulin.
D) It helps to stimulate the production of bile.
40. Which of the following is a potential consequence of vitamin D deficiency in the intestine?
A) Increased risk of osteoporosis
B) Increased risk of gastrointestinal infections
C) Increased risk of cardiovascular disease
D) All of the above
41. Which of the following is NOT a potential source of vitamin D for the intestine?
A) Sunlight exposure
B) Vitamin D supplements
C) Foods fortified with vitamin D
D) Bile secretions
42. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of vitamin D receptors in the intestine?
A) They are found on cells in the small intestine.
B) They are found on cells in the large intestine.
C) They are found on immune cells in the intestine.
D) They are found on cells in the stomach.
43. Which of the following statements about vitamin D metabolism in the intestine is NOT true?
A) Vitamin D is converted to its active form in the liver.
B) Vitamin D is converted to its active form in the intestine.
C) The active form of vitamin D helps to regulate the absorption of calcium and phosphate in the intestine.
D) The active form of vitamin D is converted to its inactive form in the kidney.
44. 1, 25-di OH D3, stimulates the intestinal absorption of Ca++ and .......
A. Inorganic Sulphate
B. Inorganic Malate
C. Inorganic Phosphate
D. None
45. 1,25-di OH D3 enters the intestinal cells and binds to ........... receptors.
A. Cell membrane
B. Nuclear membrane
C. Cytosolic
D. None
46. Vitamin D also minimizes the loss of ....... ions.
A. Calcium
B. Magnesium
C. Lithium
D. None
47. 1,25-di OH D3 stimulates the mobilization of Ca++ and Phosphate from the bones by a process that requires protein synthesis and the presence of ..............
A. Glucagon
B. Thormone
C. Parathormone or Parathyrin
D. None
MCQs on Sources of Vitamin D
48. Another name for Vitamin D2 (found in plants) is ..........A. Calciferol
B. Cholecalciferol
C. Ergocalciferol
D. Both A and B
49. Another name for Vitamin D3 (found in animal tissues) is ..........
A. Calciferol
B. Cholecalciferol
C. Ergocalciferol
D. Both A and B
50. Human milk is .......... in Vitamin D than Cow's milk.
A. Richer
B. Poorer
C. None
51. ................ is an intermediate product in cholesterol synthesis and is present under the dermis and epidermis of the human skin. When skin is exposed to sunlight this compound is converted into Cholecalciferol in the dermis and epidermis.
A. 7-Hydroxycholesterol
B. 7-diHydroxycholesterol
C. 7-dehydroxycholesterol
D. Both B and C
MCQs on Absorption, Storage, and Excretion of Vitamin -D
52. Vitamin D is absorbed along with ........ of diet.A. Water
B. Fats
C. Proteins
D. Carbohydrates
53. .......... salts are required for the digestion and absorption of Vitamin D.
A. Pancreatic Juice
B. Gastric Juice
C. Bile Salts
D. Both A and C
54. It first appears in the lymph as a component of ..............
A. Glycerol
B. Chylomicrons
C. Proteins
D. None
55. Vitamin D is carried in the plasma in combination with carrier proteins, known as .........
A. Carrier Proteins Complex
B. Vitamin D Carrier Proteins
C. Plasma Carrier Proteins
D. None
56. Vitamin D is mainly excreted in the ............
A. Sweat, through the skin
B. Urine
C. Bile
D. Gastric Juice
MCQs on Vitamin D deficiency and symptoms
57. ............ is a medical condition due to deficiency of Vitamin D in growing children.A. Scurvy
B. Osteoporosis
C. Rickets
D. Both B and C
58. The main precursor of endogenous vitamin D is 7-dehydrocholesterol, which is a compound that is found in the skin.
A. 7-dehydrocholesterol
B. 7-hydroxycholesterol
C. 7-hydrocholesterol
D. Both A and B
59. Renal rickets is a type of rickets that is caused by a deficiency of vitamin D or a problem with the kidneys' ability to convert ................. into its active form.
A. Vitamin B
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. None of these
60. Which one is not the symptom of Vitamin D deficiency.
A. Gastrointestinal Irritation
B. Tooth deformities
C. Depression
D. Hair Loss
61. The disease, caused by vitamin D deficiency and characterized by demineralization of Pre-existing healthy bones with increased susceptibility of fractures is known as .........
A. Rickets
B. Osteoporosis
C. Osteotitis
D. Osteomalacia
MCQs on Functions of Vitamin E
62. Scientific name of Vitamin E is .........A. Ergopherol
B. Tocopherol
C. Riboflavin
D. None
63. Vitamin E acts as powerful ...........
A. Reducing agent
B. Oxidizing agent
C. Anti-Oxidant
D. Electrolyte
64. Vitamin E prevents the non-enzymatic Oxidation (degradation) of cellular components, by aging and destructive factors e.g. molecular Oxygen (O2) and ......... derived free radicals.
A. Oxygen
B. Chlorine
C. Florine
D. None
65. What is the main function of Vitamin E in the body?
a) Maintaining healthy skin
b) Supporting the immune system
c) Acting as a powerful antioxidant
d) Preventing blood clots
66. What does Vitamin E help protect cells from?
a) Sun damage
b) Fine lines and wrinkles
c) Non-enzymatic oxidation damage
d) Blood clots
67. In what way may Vitamin E help reduce the risk of sunburn and skin cancer?
a) By moisturizing the skin
b) By preventing or delaying age-related eye disorders
c) By protecting the skin from the damaging effects of the sun
d) By supporting the immune system
68. Vitamin E is particularly helpful in ...........
a) protecting skin from sun damage
b) preventing blood clots
c) moisturizing skin
d) all of the above
69. Which medical conditions can interfere with the absorption of Vitamin E?
a) Crohn's disease
b) Cystic fibrosis
c) Both a and b
d) None of the above
70. What medical conditions can cause difficulty in absorbing Vitamin E?
a) Celiac disease
b) Cystic fibrosis
c) Both a and b
d) None of the above
71. Who may be at risk of Vitamin E deficiency?
a) People with celiac disease
b) People with cystic fibrosis
c) People with conditions that cause difficulty absorbing fats
d) All of the above
72. What is the risk of vitamin E deficiency in people who receive nutrients intravenously over an extended period of time?
a) They are at a higher risk because they consume more fats in their diet
b) They are at a lower risk because they consume more fruits and vegetables
c) They are at a higher risk because they do not consume fats in their diet
d) They are at a lower risk because they take vitamin E supplements.
73. What is one of the abnormal conditions that arise from Vitamin E deficiency?
a) Weight gain or loss
b) Reduced sleep
c) RBCs become more susceptible to the hemolyzing action of Hydrogen-per-oxide d) None
74. What is one of the abnormal conditions that arise from Vitamin E deficiency in children?
a) Formation of mucus decreases
b) Muscular lesions, decreased muscular creatine, creatinuria, and raised serum creatinine phosphokinase levels.
c) Loss of appetite, along with recurrent episodes of Nausea and vomiting
d) Reduced muscle size
MCQs on Functions of Vitamin K (Tocopherol)
75. What is another name for Vitamin K1?a) Ascorbic acid
b) Retinol
c) Phylloquinone
d) Cholecalciferol
76. Which of the following is another name for Vitamin K2?
a) Ascorbic acid
b) Retinol
c) Phylloquinone
d) Menaquinone
77. Which of the following blood clotting factors and proteins are dependent on Vitamin K?
a) I, IV, V, X
b) I, II, III, V
c) II, VII, IX, X, proteins C and S
d) III, IV, V, proteins C and S
78. What is the crucial role played by Vitamin K in the body?
a) Formation of gamma carboxyglutamate (GLA)
b( Production of collagen
c) Petabolism of glucose
d) Production of red blood cells
79. What is the process that Vitamin K is involved in, which leads to the formation of Gla?
a) Hydroxylation
b) Carboxylation
c) Gamma-carboxylation
d) Phosphorylation
80. What is the active form of Vitamin K that is formed during the process of gamma-carboxylation?
a) Vitamin K hydrochloride
b) Vitamin K2
c) Vitamin K1
d) Vitamin K hydroquinone
81. What is the role of Vitamin K in the blood clotting process?
A. It is required for the synthesis of clotting factors
B. It prevents blood clots
C. It dissolves existing blood clots
D. It increases blood flow
82. What is the role of thrombin in the blood clotting process?
A. It increases the number of platelets
B. It converts fibrinogen into fibrin
C. It dissolves existing blood clots
D. It prevents the formation of blood clots
83. What is the function of Fibrin in the blood clotting process?
A. It helps to prevent bleeding.
B. It dissolves existing blood clots.
C. It forms a mesh-like structure to stop bleeding.
D. It increases the number of platelets.
84. How does the human body obtain Vitamin K?
A. By producing it through the action of Gram +ive bacteria
B. By consuming citrus food
C. By synthesizing it through the liver
D. Both A and C
MCQs on Vitamin K deficiency
85. Which of the following medications may put an individual at risk of vitamin K deficiency?A) Anticoagulants
B) Antibiotics
C) Antidepressants
D) Both A and B
86. Which of the following statement is true about the effects of vitamin K deficiency on the body?
A) It can cause anemia
B) It can cause muscle weakness
C) It can interfere with the activation of prothrombin
D) It can cause joint pain
MCQs on Water soluble vitamins
87. Which of the following statement is true about Water-soluble vitamins?A) They are stored in the body to a significant extent
B) They are not easily excreted from the body
C) They are a group of nutrients that are insoluble in water
D) They are a group of nutrients that are soluble in water and are not stored in the body to any significant extent
88. Which of the following statement is true about the relation of water-soluble vitamins to coenzymes?
A) They are not related to coenzymes
B) They are the enzymes
C) They are the inhibitors of enzymes
D) They are the precursors of coenzymes
MCQs on Functions of Vitamin C
89. Which of the following can reduce the absorption of Vitamin C?A) Alkalies
B) Acidity
C) Lack of HCl
D) Both A and C
90. What is the medical term for the condition in which there is a lack of HCl in the stomach?
A) Hyperchlorhydria
B) Hypochlorhydria
C) Achlorhydria
D) Alkalosis
91. What is the function of prolyl hydroxylase and lysyl hydroxylase enzymes?
a) Hydroxylation of proline and lysine
b) Dehydration of proline and lysine
c) Phosphorylation of proline and lysine
d) Methylation of proline and lysine
92. Which vitamin is required for the activity of prolyl hydroxylase and lysyl hydroxylase enzymes?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin B
c) Vitamin C
d) Vitamin D
93. What is the chemical reaction catalyzed by prolyl hydroxylase and lysyl hydroxylase enzymes?
a) Dehydration
b) Phosphorylation
c) Methylation
d) Hydroxylation
94. Which of the following is true about hydroxylation in collagen synthesis?
A. Hydroxylation is a process that occurs during collagen synthesis
B. Hydroxylation of proline and lysine is important for collagen synthesis
C. Collagen is not important for the health of the skin, blood vessels, and bones
D. Hydroxylation adds a hydroxyl group to the molecule
95. Which of the following statements is true about Vitamin C and the intercellular ground substance?
A. Vitamin C is not important for the synthesis of the intercellular ground substance
B. Vitamin C is responsible for filling the space between cells
C. Vitamin C plays a crucial role in the synthesis of the intercellular ground substance
D. Intercellular ground substance is not a gel-like substance
96. What is the composition of the intercellular ground substance?
A. Lipids
B. Proteins
C. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
D. Nucleic acids
97. What are the benefits of the intercellular ground substance for the human body?
A. It is important for the health of the skin B. It is important for the health of the blood vessels
C. It is important for the health of the bones
D. All of the above
98. What is the role of Vitamin C in the immune system?
A. It helps to protect the body from infections
B. It helps to reduce the severity and duration of colds
C. It is involved in the production of white blood cells
D. All of the above
99. What is the benefit of Vitamin C in the immune system?
A. It helps to protect the body from infections
B. It helps to reduce the severity and duration of colds
C. It is involved in the production of white blood cells
D. None of the above
100. What are the cells that are an important part of the immune system, that Vitamin C is involved in the production of?
A. Red blood cells
B. Platelets
C. White blood cells
D. None of the above
101. What is the function of Vitamin C as an antioxidant?
A. It helps to protect cells from damage caused by free radicals
B. It helps to neutralize free radicals
C. It contributes to the development of chronic diseases
D. It helps to protect cells from damage caused by antioxidants
102. What are the benefits of antioxidants for the human body?
A. Neutralize free radicals
B. Protect cells from damage
C. Prevents the development of chronic diseases
D. All of the above
103. Which of the following statement is true about Vitamin C and catecholamines?
A. Vitamin C is not involved in the synthesis of catecholamines
B. Vitamin C plays a role in the inhibition of Catecholamines synthesis
C. Catecholamines are not neurotransmitters
D. Vitamin C is involved in the synthesis of catecholamines
104. Catecholamines are synthesized from the amino acid ............, which requires the presence of vitamin C.
A. Tyrosine.
B. Leucine
C. Valine
D. None
105. Vitamin C is also involved in the synthesis of ..........., a molecule that is important for the metabolism of fat.
A. Asprangine
B. Carnitine
C. Carotene
D. Both B and C
106. How can Vitamin C help in the absorption of iron?
A. By decreasing the absorption of iron
B. By not affecting the absorption of iron.
C. By increasing the absorption of iron
D. By making iron more toxic
107. What are the two forms of dietary iron?
A. Heme iron and non-heme iron
B. Iron oxide and iron carbonate
C. Ferrous iron and ferric iron
D. Iron hydroxide and iron chloride
108. Which form of iron is less well absorbed?
A. Heme iron
B. Non-heme iron
C. Both forms of iron are absorbed equally well
D. It depends on the individual's absorption rate
109. Which of the following is true about the relationship between vitamin C and non-heme iron?
A) Vitamin C decreases the absorption of non-heme iron
B) Vitamin C has no effect on the absorption of non-heme iron
C) Vitamin C increases the absorption of non-heme iron by reducing it from the Ferric form (Fe+++) to the Ferrous form (Fe++)
D) Vitamin C decreases the absorption of non-heme iron by reducing it from the Ferric form (Fe+++) to the Ferrous form (Fe++)
110. What are the recommended food sources to consume with plant-based sources of iron to increase absorption?
A) Foods high in vitamin A, such as carrots and sweet potatoes
B) Foods high in vitamin D, such as eggs and fatty fish
C) Foods high in vitamin C, such as oranges and strawberries
D) Foods high in vitamin K, such as kale and spinach
111. How does Vitamin C help in the utilization of folic acid?
A) It converts folic acid to Tetrahydrofolate (THF)
B) It converts folic acid to Monohydrofolate (MHF)
C) It increases the absorption of folic acid
D) It has no effect on the utilization of folic acid
112. What is the role of the converted form of folic acid in the maturation of RBCs?
A) It increases the production of RBCs
B) It decreases the production of RBCs
C) It is necessary for the maturation of RBCs
D) It has no effect on the maturation of RBCs
113. Where is a large amount of Vitamin C found in the body?
A) In the pancreas
B) In the liver
C) In glandular tissues, particularly in the adrenal cortex and corpus leuteum
D) In the bones
114. What role does Vitamin C play in glandular tissue?
A) It regulates digestion
B) It helps in the synthesis of steroid hormones
C) It supports the immune system
D) It helps in the production of insulin
MCQs on Absorption, Transport, and Excretion of Vitamin C
115. How is Vitamin C absorbed in the small intestine?A) Active Transport
B) Facilitated Diffusion
C) Simple Diffusion
D) Osmosis
116. What is the transport protein responsible for the uptake of Vitamin C into the cells of the small intestine?
A) Sodium-dependent Vitamin C Transporter 1 (SVCT1)
B) Sodium-dependent Vitamin C Transporter 2 (SVCT2)
C) Vitamin C Receptor (VCR)
D) Vitamin C Transporter (VCT)
117. How does the transport protein SVCT2 allow Vitamin C to enter the cells of the small intestine?
A) By binding to Vitamin C and allowing it to diffuse into the cells
B) By actively pumping Vitamin C into the cells
C) By creating a concentration gradient for Vitamin C to enter the cells
D) By facilitating the movement of Vitamin C through the cell membrane
MCQs on Vitamin C deficiency
118. What is Scurvy?A. A rare but potentially serious condition caused by a lack of vitamin C
B. A genetic disorder
C. A skin condition
D. A disease caused by an overconsumption of vitamin C
119. What are the symptoms of Scurvy?
A. Fatigue, weakness, and poor wound healing
B. Bleeding gums, bumpy rashes on the skin, and stiff and painful joints
C. Anemia, growth disorder of the bones, and infections
D. None of the above
120. How does a deficiency of Vitamin C in infants affect their growth?
A. Infants may develop Moeller-Barlow disease, a severe Vitamin C deficiency, resulting in growth disorder of the bones
B. Infants may develop Rickets, a severe Vitamin D deficiency, resulting in growth disorder of the bones
C. Infants may develop Scurvy, a severe Vitamin E deficiency, resulting in growth disorder of the bones
D. None of the above
121. How does a deficiency of Vitamin C affect gum health?
A. It leads to bleeding gums
B. It leads to dry gums
C. It leads to healthy gums
D. None of the above
122. What is the cause of Scurvy in infants?
A. Infants nursed on cow's milk from the beginning
B. Infants nursed on formula milk from the beginning
C. Infants nursed on breast milk from the beginning
D. None of the above
123. What is Anemia?
A. A condition characterized by a high number of red blood cells
B. A condition characterized by a low number of red blood cells
C. A condition characterized by a high number of white blood cells
D. A condition characterized by a low number of white blood cells
124. What is the role of Vitamin C in the proper absorption of iron?
A. Vitamin C is required for the proper absorption of iron
B. Vitamin C is not required for the proper absorption of iron
C. Vitamin C inhibits the proper absorption of iron
D. Vitamin C has no relation to the proper absorption of iron
MCQs on Functions of Vitamin B1
125. What is the biologically active form of thiamine?A. Thiamine Pyrophosphate (TPP)
B. Thiamine Monophosphate (TMP)
C. Thiamine Triphosphate (TTP)
D. Thiamine Diphosphate (ThDP)
126. What is the role of TPP in the HMP pathway?
A. TPP is not required in the HMP pathway
B. TPP is required in the decarboxylation of alpha-ketoacids and in the formation and degradation of alpha-ketos by transketolase in the HMP pathway
C. TPP is required in the formation of glucose and the production of NADPH in the HMP pathway
D. TPP is required in the formation of pentoses and production of ribose 5-phosphate in the HMP pathway
127. What is the name of the metabolic pathway that TPP is required in?
A. Urea Cycle
B. TCA Cycle
C. Pentose Phosphate Pathway
D. Glycolysis
128. What is the role of Vitamin B1 in the metabolism of carbohydrates?
A. Vitamin B1 helps convert carbohydrates into fat
B. Vitamin B1 helps convert carbohydrates into protein
C. Vitamin B1 helps convert carbohydrates into glucose and is involved in the production of ATP
D. Vitamin B1 has no role in the metabolism of carbohydrates
129. What is the role of Vitamin B1 (thiamine) in the fermentation of glucose?
A) It helps convert glucose into alcohol
B) It helps convert glucose into lactic acid
C) It acts as a coenzyme in the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate
D) It helps convert glucose into carbon dioxide
130. What is the name of the coenzyme that Vitamin B1 acts as in the fermentation of glucose?
A) NAD+
B) FAD
C) TPP
D) ATP
MCQs on Absorption, Storage, and Excretion of Vitamin B1
131. Which of the following statements is true about the absorption of Vitamin B1 (thiamine)?A) Vitamin B1 is absorbed in the stomach
B) Vitamin B1 is absorbed in the small intestine with the help of specific transport protein "Thiamine Transporters"
C) Vitamin B1 is not absorbed by the body
D) Vitamin B1 is absorbed in the large intestine with Thiamine Transporters
132. Which of the following statements is true about the transport and storage of Vitamin B1 (thiamine) in the body?
A) Once in the bloodstream, thiamine is transported to the liver where it is stored Or
B) Once in the bloodstream, thiamine is transported to the liver where it is used by various tissues and cells in the body.
C) Once in the bloodstream, thiamine is not stored and is immediately used by various tissues and cells in the body.
D) Both A and B
133. Which of the following statements is true about the storage of Vitamin B1 (thiamine) in the liver?
A) The liver can store an unlimited amount of Thiamine
B) The liver can store up to 30-40mg of Thiamine and the excess is used by various tissues and cells in the body.
C) The liver can store up to 30-40mg of Thiamine and the excess is excreted in the urine.
D) The liver can store up to 100mg of Thiamine and the excess is excreted in the urine.
MCQs on Vitamin B1 Deficiency
134. What is the main cause of Beri-Beri?A) deficiency of vitamin B1
B) deficiency of vitamin C
C) deficiency of vitamin D
D) deficiency of vitamin K
135. In which countries Beri-Beri was endemic?
A) Polished rice-eating countries
B) Meat-eating countries
C) Fish-eating countries
D) Dairy-eating countries
136. What type of Beri-Beri is characterized by polyneuritis as the principal feature?
A) Wet Beri-Beri
B) Dry Beri-Beri
C) Acute Beri-Beri
D) Beri-Beri in Children
137. Which of the following is a symptom of Wet Beri-Beri?
A) Cardiac failure of the high output type
B) Edema
C) Anemia
D) Both A and B
138. Which of the following is a characteristic of Infantile Beri-Beri?
A) Occurs in the first year of life
B) Cardiovascular abnormalities are the principal feature
C) Numbness and tingling in the extremities
D) Both A and B
139. What is the main effect of decreased activity of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase and Alpha-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase in Thiamine deficiency?
A) Increased production of ATP
B) Impaired cellular functions
C) Increased glucose utilization
D) Increased blood flow
140. In Thiamine deficiency, what is the main reason for decreased production of ATP?
A) Increased activity of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
B) Increased activity of Alpha-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase
C) Decreased activity of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase and Alpha-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase
D) None of the above
141. What is the main cause of the defective function of the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase?
A) Deficiency of Vitamin B12
B) Deficiency of Vitamin B6
C) Deficiency of Thiamine
D) Deficiency of Vitamin C
142. What is the main symptom of neurological disorders caused by the accumulation of Pyruvate and Lactate in the brain due to the defective function of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase?
A) Anemia
B) Numbness and tingling in the extremities
C) Polyneuritis or generalized malfunctioning of the motor nervous system
D) Increased blood flow
MCQs on Functions of Vitamin B2
143. Which of the following is the role of Vitamin B2 in the body?A) Acts as a cofactor for enzymes involved in energy metabolism
B) Helps to form red blood cells
C) Helps to maintain strong bones
D) Both A and B
144. What vitamin acts as a cofactor for the enzyme delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) during the process of heme synthesis?
A) Vitamin B2
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin E
145. What is the function of the enzyme delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) during the process of heme synthesis?
A) Convert porphyrin precursors into heme
B) Convert heme into hemoglobin
C) Breakdown of porphyrin precursors
D) Synthesize porphyrin precursors
146. What happens to the production of RBCs when the synthesis of heme is impaired due to a deficiency in vitamin B2?
A) Increases
B) Remains unchanged
C) Decreases
D) Fluctuates
147. What is the function of vitamin B2 in the body?
A) Helps in the production of a light-sensitive pigment called Rhodopsin
B) Helps in the production of Cephalins
C) Helps in the production of collagen
D) Helps in the production of insulin
148. Where is the pigment rhodopsin found in the body and what is its function?
A) Found in the retina of the eyes, helps in the production of insulin
B) Found in the skin, helps in the production of collagen
C) Found in the liver, helps in the production of hemoglobin
D) Found in the retina of the eyes, important for normal vision, especially in low-light conditions
149. What is the role of Rhodopsin in the process of vision?
A) Absorbs light and sends a signal to the brain, allowing us to see
B) Produces light and sends a signal to the brain, allowing us to see
C) Transmits light and sends a signal to the brain, allowing us to see
D) Reflects light and sends a signal to the brain, allowing us to see
150. What is the role of riboflavin (vitamin B2) in the skin?
A) Protects against UV damage and inflammation, and plays a role in collagen production and tissue repair.
B) Helps with digestion and metabolism
C) Helps in the production of insulin
D) Helps in the production of red blood cells
151. Which skin disorders can be helped by riboflavin (vitamin B2)?
A) Eczema and acne
B) Psoriasis and rosacea
C) Wrinkles and age spots
D) None of the above
152. What is the role of vitamin B2 in the metabolism of other vitamins?
A) Necessary for the metabolism of vitamin B3 (niacin) and vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
B) Inhibits the metabolism of vitamin B1 (thiamine) and vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid)
C) Enhance the metabolism of vitamin C and Vitamin D
D) None of the above
MCQs on Absorption, Transport, and Excretion of Vitamin B2
153. Which of the following is true about the absorption of Vitamin B2 in the small intestine?A) It is only absorbed through active transport mechanisms
B) It is only absorbed through passive transport mechanisms
C) It is absorbed through both active and passive transport mechanisms
D) It is not absorbed in the small intestine
154. Which of the following statements is true about the location of active and passive transport in the small intestine?
A) Active transport occurs throughout the small intestine, while passive transport occurs at the brush border of the duodenum and jejunum
B) Active transport occurs at the brush border of the duodenum and jejunum, while passive transport occurs throughout the small intestine
C) Both active and passive transport occurs only at the brush border of the duodenum and jejunum
D) None
155. What happens to Vitamin B2 once it is absorbed in the small intestine?
A) It is transported to the liver where it is stored
B) It is transported to the liver where it is metabolized
C) It is transported to the liver where it is stored or metabolized
D) It is not transported to the liver
156. What is the primary way Vitamin B2 is excreted from the body after it is metabolized or stored in the liver?
A) Urine
B) Feces
C) Sweat
D) Urine, with small amounts excreted through feces and sweat
MCQs on Functions of Vitamin B3
157. Which of the following statement is true about the biologically active form of Niacin?A) Niacin produces one biologically active form of coenzyme, Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+)
B) Niacin produces one biologically active form of coenzyme, Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADP+)
C) Niacin produces two biologically active forms of coenzyme, Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) and Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADP+)
D) Niacin doesn't produce any biologically active form of coenzyme
158. What is the name of the process in which NAD+ and NADP+ are involved?
A) DNA base excision repair
B) DNA replication
C) DNA recombination
D) DNA transcription
159. What are the enzymes that recognize and remove damaged base pairs from the DNA molecule in the process of DNA base excision repair?
A) DNA polymerases
B) DNA helicases
C) DNA ligases
D) DNA glycosylases
160. How do NAD+ and NADP+ help in repairing the DNA in the process of DNA base excision repair?
A) They are used by enzymes to fill in the gap created by the removal of the damaged base pairs
B) They are used by enzymes to cut the damaged base pairs
C) They are used by enzymes to replace the damaged base pairs
D) They are not involved in the repair process
161. Which of the following statement is true about the effects of Niacin on the cholesterol levels in the blood?
A) Niacin can decrease the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and increase the levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides, which can increase the risk of heart disease
B) Niacin can increase the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and decrease the levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides, which can lower the risk of heart disease
C) Niacin has no effect on the cholesterol levels in the blood
D) Niacin can increase the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides in the blood which can lower the risk of heart disease
162. Which of the following statement is true about the role of Vitamin B3 in clinical use?
A) It is used in the treatment of Hypoglycemia
B) It is used in the treatment of Scurvy
C) It is used in the treatment of Hyperlipidemia
D) It is not used in any clinical treatment
MCQs on Absorption, Transport, and Excretion of Vitamin B3
163. How is Vitamin B3 absorbed in the small intestine?A) Passive transport mechanisms
B) Active transport mechanisms
C) Both active and passive transport mechanisms
D) Not absorbed in the small intestine
164. Where is niacin transported once it is absorbed in the small intestine?
A) Kidney
B) Liver
C) Lungs
D) Skin
165. Which form of Vitamin B3 has a higher absorption rate in the small intestine?
A) Nicotinic acid
B) Nicotinamide
C) NAD+
D) NADP+
166. Which of the following statements is true about the storage and excretion of Vitamin B3 in the body?
A) It is stored in the body to a significant extent and excreted slowly in the urine
B) It is stored in the body to a significant extent and excreted rapidly in the urine
C) It is not stored in the body to any significant extent and is excreted slowly in the urine
D) It is not stored in the body to any significant extent and is excreted rapidly in the urine
MCQs on Vitamin B3 deficiency
167. What is the disease caused by a deficiency of Niacin?A) Scurvy
B) Rickets
C) Pellagra
D) Anemia
168. What are the symptoms of Pellagra?
A) Diarrhea, Dementia, and Dermatitis (3Ds)
B) Anemia, Fatigue, Weakness, and Death
C) Scurvy, Rickets, Anemia, and Death
D) Fatigue, Weakness, Anemia, and Death
MCQs on Functions of Vitamin B5
169. What is the role of Vitamin B5 in metabolism?A. It helps in the transfer of acyl groups.
B. It helps in the transfer of amino acid groups.
C. It helps in the transfer of nucleic acid groups.
D. It helps in the transfer of carbohydrate groups.
170. Which of the following compounds is/are involved in the metabolism of Vitamin B5?
A. Succinyl Co-A
B. Fatty Acyl Co-A
C. Acetyl Co-A
D. All of the above
171. Which of the following is true about the role of Vitamin B5 in hormone production?
A. It is not necessary for the production of hormones.
B. It is necessary for the production of hormones such as insulin.
C. It is necessary for the production of hormones such as thyroid hormones.
D. It is necessary for the production of hormones such as adrenal hormones, which are involved in the stress response.
172. Which of the following is true about the role of Vitamin B5 in the synthesis of neurotransmitters?
A. It does not help to synthesize neurotransmitters.
B. It helps to synthesize neurotransmitters such as Melatonin.
C. It helps to synthesize neurotransmitters such as Epinephrine.
D. It helps to synthesize neurotransmitters such as Acetylcholine, Serotonin, Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), and Dopamine.
MCQs on Absorption, Transport, and Excretion of Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid)
173. Which of the following is true about the absorption and transport of Vitamin B5 in the body?A. Vitamin B5 is poorly absorbed in the small intestine and is not transported to the liver.
B. Vitamin B5 is well-absorbed in the stomach and is not transported to the liver.
C. Vitamin B5 is well-absorbed in the small intestine with the aid of bile and pancreatic enzymes and is then transported to the liver where it is either stored or transported to other parts of the body.
D. Vitamin B5 is well-absorbed in the small intestine but is not transported to the liver or other parts of the body
174. Which of the following is true about the transport of pantothenic acid in the blood?
A) Pantothenic acid is transported in the blood by a protein called Transcobalamin II
B) The protein responsible for delivering pantothenic acid to the cells is called Transcobalamin II
C) Transcobalamin II is responsible for transporting pantothenic acid to the cells that need it
D) All of the above
175. How is excess pantothenic acid typically excreted from the body?
A) Through the urine
B) Through the feces
C) Through sweat
D) It is not excreted, but stored in the body
176. Is pantothenic acid considered to be toxic?
A) Yes, it can be toxic if consumed in large amounts
B) No, it is not toxic and is considered safe
C) It depends on the individual and their current health status
D) It is toxic only when taken in conjunction with certain medications
177. What is a characteristic of water-soluble vitamins like pantothenic acid?
A) They are easily stored in the body
B) They can accumulate in the body and become toxic
C) They are easily excreted by the body if in excess
D) They are only needed in small amounts
MCQs on Functions of Vitamin B6
178. What is the collective term for Pyridoxine, Pyridoxal, and Pyridoxamine?A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B1
C) Vitamin B6
D) Vitamin C
179. What is the chemical structure of Vitamin B6?
A) A derivative of Pyridine
B) A derivative of Vitamin A
C) A derivative of Vitamin C
D) A derivative of Vitamin D
180. Which of the following is not a precursor of Pyridoxal Phosphate?
A) Pyridoxine
B) Pyridoxal
C) Pyridoxamine
D) Vitamin D
181. What are the hormones that Vitamin B6 helps to produce?
A) Serotonin, norepinephrine, and melatonin
B) Insulin, Glucagon, and Somatostatin
C) Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, and Calcitonin
D) Testosterone, Estradiol and Progesterone
182. How does Vitamin B6 support cardiovascular health?
A) By keeping homocysteine levels in check
B) By reducing cholesterol levels
C) By dilating blood vessels
D) By increasing blood flow
183. What happens when homocysteine levels are too high?
A) It helps to protect the heart
B) It contributes to heart disease
C) It improves blood circulation
D) It increases heart rate
184. What is homocysteine?
A) A type of amino acid
B) A type of protein
C) A type of mineral
D) A type of steroid
185. Why is Vitamin B6 important for pregnant women?
A) It helps in the development of the fetus's nervous system
B) It helps to prevent morning sickness
C) It helps to produce milk
D) It helps in the development of the fetus's immune system
E) All of the above
186. What are the symptoms of Vitamin B6 deficiency in pregnant women?
A) Nausea and vomiting
B) Fatigue and anemia
C) Neural tube defects in the fetus
D) All of the above
187. How much Vitamin B6 should a pregnant woman consume daily?
A) 1.3mg
B) 2mg
C) 2.6mg
D) 3mg
MCQs on Absorption, Transport, and Excretion of Vitamin B6
188. Which of the following statements about Vitamin B6 absorption is true?A) Vitamin B6 is absorbed solely in the large intestine
B) Vitamin B6 is absorbed without the aid of pancreatic enzymes and bile
C) Vitamin B6 can only be absorbed in a form bound to proteins
D) Vitamin B6 is absorbed in the small intestine, with the aid of pancreatic enzymes and bile, and can be absorbed in both free forms and in a form bound to proteins.
189. What is the method of Vitamin B6 transportation in the bloodstream?
A) Freely
B) Bound to proteins called Transcobalamin
C) Bound to proteins called Albumin
D) Bound to proteins called Transcobalamin and Albumin
190. How does the body excrete excess Vitamin B6?
A) Through the feces
B) Through sweat
C) Through the urine
D) Through the breath
191. What is the half-life of Vitamin B6 in the body?
A) 5 days
B) 10 days
C) 25 days
D) 50 days
192. Low levels of Vitamin B6 have been linked with high levels of ............, an amino acid associated with heart disease.
A. Leucine
B. Valine
C. Homocysteine
D. None
Answers:
1. C 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. B 11. B 12. C 13. A. 14. A 15. B 16. B 17.A 18. B 19. C 20. B 21. A 22. A 23. D 24.C 25. B 26.B 27. B 33. D 34. B 35. C 36. A 37. D 38. D 39. C 40. D 41. D 42. D 43. B 44. C 45. C 46. A 47. C 48. C 49. B 50. B 51. C 52. B 53. C 54. B 55. B 56. C 57. C 58. A 59. C 60. A 61. D 62. B 63. C 64. A 65. C 66. C 67. C 68. D 69. C 70. C 71. D 72. C 73. C 74. B 75. C 76. D 77. C 78. A 79. C 80. D 81. A 82. B 83. C 84. D 85. A 86. C 87. D 88. D 89. D 90. C 91. A 92. C 93. D 94. B 95. C 96. C 97. D 98. D 99. A 100. C 101. A 102. D 103. D 104. A 105. B 106. C 107. A 108. B 109. C 110. C 111. A 112. C 113. C 114. B 115. B 116. B 117. D 118. A 119. B 120. A 121. A 122. A 123. B 124. A 125. A 126. B 127. C 128. C 129. C 130. C 131. B 132. D 133. C 134. A 135. A 136. B 137. D 138. D 139. B 140. C 141. C 142. C 143. D 144. A 145. A 146. C 147. A 148. D 149. A 150. A 151. A 152. A 153. C 154. B 155. C 156. D 157. C 158. A 159. D 160. A 161. B 162. C 163. B 164. B 165. A 166. D 167. C 168. A 169. A 170. D 171. D 172. D 173. C 174. D 175. A 176. B 177. C 178. C 179. A 180. D 181. A 182. A 183. B 184. A 185. E 186. D 187. C 188. D 189. D 190. C 191. C 192. C
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