260+ Biology MCQs: A Comprehensive Assessment of Cell Physiology, Tissue Types, and Plant and Animal Cell Biology Fundamentals
Are you ready to boost your biology knowledge? This blog post contains over 260 multiple-choice questions that cover the most fundamental topics on Introduction to Cell, Physiology, and Tissues. These questions are not only important for students of Grade IX BISE and Federal Board Examinations, but they are also essential for qualifying entry tests and competitive examinations of all types, including ETEA, NEET, NMDCAT, CSS, PCS, NTS, CTS, and much more.
In this blog post, we will explore the history of cell discovery, the different types of microscopes, and cellular organelles, including cell walls, cell membranes, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, ribosomes, and nuclei. We will also cover the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, as well as cellular-level processes such as the transport system, osmosis, diffusion, cytosis and its types, filtration, and the effects of hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solutions on animal and plant cells.
To make sure you are fully prepared, we will also discuss the tissues of plants and animals and their broader classification. These MCQs will not only help you to clear your concepts but also improve your marks-gaining ability, allowing you to shine in your examinations. Get ready to master the basics of biology with our comprehensive MCQ assessment on Introduction to Cell, its Physiology, and Tissues!
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| 260+ MCQs on Introduction to Cytology and Histology From the MCQs Library of H.E.S (Health, Education, and Skills) |
MCQs on Introduction to Cell and Microscopy
1. What is the structural and functional unit of all living organisms called?
A. Organ
B. Tissue
C. Cell
D. Organelle
2. What is a microscope used for?
A. To make small things large and visible
B. To make large things small and invisible
C. To make things transparent
D. To make things colorful
3. What is the term used for the use of a microscope to observe small things?
A. Microscopy
B. Microscience
C. Microsophy
D. Microspectrum
4. Who developed the first microscope?
A. A.V Leeuwenhoek
B. Zacharias Jansen
C. Robert Hooke
D. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
5. What was the magnification range of the first microscope developed by Zacharias Jansen?
A. 250x
B. 3x to 9x
C. 100x
D. 1000x
6. Who is considered to be the first microscopist?
A. Zacharias Jansen
B. Robert Hooke
C. A.V Leeuwenhoek
D. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
7. What was the magnification of the microscope developed by A.V Leeuwenhoek?
A. 3x to 9x
B. 250x
C. 1000x
D. 100x
8. Where was the first microscope developed?
A. France
B. Germany
C. England
D. Holland
9. What type of lenses were used in the first microscope developed by Zacharias Jansen?
A. Compound lenses
B. Simple lenses
C. Concave lenses
D. Convex lenses
10. What is the ability of a microscope to enlarge the apparent size of an object called?
A. Magnitude
B. Enlargement
C. Magnification
D. Dimension
11. What is the unit used to express magnification?
A. Inch
B. Centimeter
C. Diameter (X)
D. Millimeter
12. What is the ability of a microscope to distinguish between close objects called?
A. Clarity
B. Separation
C. Resolution
D. Distinction
13. What is the ability of a microscope to show two objects separately called?
A. Clarity
B. Separation
C. Resolution
D. Distinction
14. What is the resolution of the human eye?
A. 0.1 mm
B. 1 nm
C. 10 nm
D. 100 nm
15. What is the definition of resolution?
A. The ability of a microscope to enlarge the apparent size of an object
B. The ability of a microscope to distinguish between close objects
C. The ability of a microscope to show two objects unitedly
D. The ability of a microscope to focus on objects
16. What is the difference between resolution and magnification?
A. Resolution is the ability of a microscope to enlarge the apparent size of an object while magnification is the ability of a microscope to distinguish between close objects
B. Magnification is the ability of a microscope to enlarge the apparent size of an object while the resolution is the ability of a microscope to distinguish between close objects
C. Both are the same
D. None of the above
17. What is a light microscope?
A. A type of microscope that uses light to make an image of an object
B. A type of microscope that uses a beam of electrons to make the image of an object
C. A type of microscope that uses both light and electrons to make the image of an object
D. None of the above
18. How does light pass through in a light microscope?
A. Through the sample and then through two lenses
B. Through the sample and then through one lens
C. Through the sample only
D. None of the above
19. How is the image formed in a light microscope?
A. By passing light through the sample and lenses, the light is projected into the viewer's eye where an enlarged and clear image is formed
B. By passing electrons through the sample and lenses, the light is projected into the viewer's eye where an enlarged and clear image is formed
C. By passing light through the sample only
D. None of the above
20. What is the magnification of a light microscope?
A. 1500X
B. 250X
C. 0.2 nm
D. 2 um
21. What is the resolution of a light microscope?
A. 1500X
B. 250X
C. 0.2 nm
D. 2 um
22 What is an electron microscope?
A. A type of microscope that uses light to make an image of an object
B. A type of microscope that uses a beam of electrons to make the image of an object
C. A type of microscope that uses both light and electrons to make the image of an object
D. None of the above
23. What is used to focus the electron beam in an electron microscope?
A. Magnetic lenses
B. Light lenses
C. Electron lenses
D. None of the above
24. What is the resolution of an electron microscope?
A. 1500X
B. 250X
C. 0.2 nm
D. 2 um
25. Which of the following is equal to 1/1000,000 mm?
A. 2 um
B. 0.2 nm
C. 1500X
D. 250X
26. Which of the following is the most powerful type of microscope in terms of resolution?
A. Light microscope
B. Electron microscope
C. Both have the same resolution
D. None of the above
27. What type of radiation is used in a light microscope?
A. Light
B. Electron beams
C. Magnetic
D. None of the above
28. What types of lenses are used in a light microscope?
A. Optical lenses
B. Magnetic lenses
C. Electron lenses
D. None of the above
29. What is the magnification of a light microscope compared to the naked eye?
A. 250,000X
B. 10,000 to 100,000X
C. 10,000 times greater
D. 100 times greater
30. What is the magnification of an electron microscope compared to the naked eye?
A. 250,000X
B. 10,000 to 100,000X
C. 10,000 times greater
D. 100 times greater
31. What type of images does a transmission electron microscope (TEM) produce?
A. 2D images
B. 3D images
C. Both 2D and 3D images
D. None of the above
32. What type of images does a scanning electron microscope (SEM) produce?
A. 2D images
B. 3D images
C. Both 2D and 3D images
D. None of the above
33. What is the resolution of a light microscope compared to the naked eye?
A. 500 times
B. 400 times of the light microscope
C. 100 times greater
D. None of the above
34. What is the resolution of an electron microscope compared to a light microscope?
A. 400 times
B. 500 times of the naked eye
C. 100 times greater
D. None of the above
MCQs on Emergence of Cell Theory
35. Who was the first person to observe cork cells?A. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
B. Robert Brown
C. Robert Hook
D. Mathias Schleiden
36. Who made a more powerful microscope?
A. Robert Hook
B. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
C. Dolland
D. Robert Brown
37. Who magnified pond water 300 times and saw tiny one-celled animals?
A. Mathias Schleiden
B. Theodor Schwann
C. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
D. Robert Hook
38. Who improved the quality of lenses in 1827?
A. Mathias Schleiden
B. Robert Brown
C. Dolland
D. Robert Hook
39. Who described the nucleus as a spherical body in a plant cell?
A. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
B. Robert Brown
C. Robert Hook
D. Mathias Schleiden
40. Who claimed that all plants were made up of cells?
A. Robert Brown
B. Mathias Schleiden
C. Theodor Schwann
D. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
41. Who claimed that animals were also made up of cells?
A. Robert Brown
B. Mathias Schleiden
C. Theodor Schwann
D. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
42. Who gave the name protoplasm to the cell contents?
A. Jan Evangelista Purkyne
B. Rodalf Virchow
C. Louis Pasteur
D. Theodor Schwann
43. Who introduced the term cytoplasm?
A. Mathias Schleiden
B. Jan Evangelista Purkyne
C. Rodalf Virchow
D. Theodor Schwann
44. Who gave the statement that "every cell comes from a cell"?
A. Louis Pasteur
B. Rodalf Virchow
C. Theodor Schwann
D. Jan Evangelista Purkyne
45. Who used the word "cellula" (cell)?
A. Louis Pasteur
B. Rodalf Virchow
C. Theodor Schwann
D. Jan Evangelista Purkyne
46. Who gave experimental proof for Virchow's hypothesis?
A. Mathias Schleiden
B. Louis Pasteur
C. Jan Evangelista Purkyne
D. Theodor Schwann
47. What is a prokaryotic cell?
A. The cell that contains a membrane-bounded nucleus and membrane-bounded organelles
B. The cell that lacks a membrane-bounded nucleus and membrane-bounded organelles
C. The cell that contains a membrane-bounded nucleus but lacks membrane-bounded organelles
D. The cell that lacks a membrane-bounded nucleus but contains membrane-bounded organelles
48. Which organisms are made up of prokaryotic cells?
A. Amoeba and euglena
B. Bacteria and blue-green algae
C. Rose and frog
D. Brassica
49. What is a eukaryotic cell?
A. The cell that contains a membrane-bounded nucleus and membrane-bounded organelles
B. The cell that lacks a membrane-bounded nucleus and membrane-bounded organelles
C. The cell that contains a membrane-bounded nucleus but lacks membrane-bounded organelles
D. The cell that lacks a membrane-bounded nucleus but contains membrane-bounded organelles
MCQs on Plant and Animal cells organelles | Cellular organelles Structures and Functions
50. What is the main function of the cell wall of a plant cell?
A. To provide shape and support
B. To protect the cell
C. To allow water and nutrients to flow in and out
D. All of the above
51. What is the outer-most boundary of a plant cell called?
A. Cell membrane
B. Cell wall
C. Cytoplasm
D. Nucleus
52. What is the main component of the cell wall in plants?
A. Cellulose
B. Chitin
C. Proteins
D. Lipids
53. What type of cell does not have a cell wall?
A. Plant cell
B. Fungi cell
C. Animal cell
D. Prokaryotic cell
54. What is the thickness of the cell wall in different cells?
A. Same
B. Varies
C. Constant
D. Irrelevant
55. What is the intercellular layer that binds cells to form tissues called?
A. Secondary wall
B. Middle lamella
C. Primary wall
D. Cytoplasm
56. What is the cell membrane?
A. The outermost part of a plant cell
B. The innermost part of an animal cell
C. The outermost part of an animal cell
D. The innermost part of a plant cell
57. What is the chemical composition of the cell membrane?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Lipids and Proteins
C. Nucleic acids
D. Both A and B
58. Who presented the fluid mosaic model of the structure of the cell membrane?
A. Robert Brown
B. Theodor Schwann
C. Singer and Nicolson
D. Rodalf Virchow
59. What is the function of the cell membrane?
A. Protects the inner parts of the cell
B. Acts as a receptor site
C. Controls the exchange of materials
D. All of the above
60. What is the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane?
A. A model in which protein molecules are embedded
B. A model in which a lipid bilayer is present
C. A model in which some protein molecules float
D. All of the above
61. What is the main function of the nucleus in a cell?
A. Storage of DNA
B. Formation of ribosomes
C. Control of cell activities
D. Synthesis of RNA
62. Where is the nucleus located in an animal cell?
A. Side of the cell
B. Center of the cell
C. Top of the cell
D. Bottom of the cell
63. What is the shape of the nucleus usually?
A. Square
B. Rectangular
C. Spherical
D. Irregular
64. What is the name of the double membrane that surrounds the nucleus?
A. Nuclear envelope
B. Nuclear membrane
C. Nucleoplasmic membrane
D. Both A and B
65. Who discovered chromosomes?
A. Waldyer
B. Watson and Crick
C. Mendel
D. Darwin
66. What are chromosomes made up of?
A. DNA and protein
B. RNA and protein
C. DNA and lipids
D. RNA and lipids
67. How many chromosomes are present in a human cell?
A. 16
B. 46
C. 78
D. 64
68. What is the function of the nucleolus?
A. Storage of DNA
B. Formation of RNA
C. Control of cell activities
D. Synthesis of ribosomes
69. What is the main function of the DNA in the nucleus?
A. Synthesis of RNA
B. Formation of ribosomes
C. Transmission of hereditary characters
D. Control of cell activities
70. What is the definition of cytoplasm?
A. The portion of the cell between the cell membrane and the nuclear membrane
B. The portion of the cell outside the nuclear membrane
C. The portion of the cell inside the cell membrane
D. The portion of the cell between the cell wall and the nuclear membrane
71. What is the physical characteristic of cytoplasm?
A. Solid
B. Aqueous and viscous
C. Gaseous
D. Liquid
72. What is the outer portion of the cytoplasm called?
A. Ectoplasm
B. Endoplasm
C. Cytoplasm
D. None
73. What is the main component of cytoplasm?
A. Water
B. Lipids
C. Carbohydrates
D. Proteins
74. What are the organic compounds found in the cytoplasm?
A. Proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids
B. Enzymes, water, and salt
C. Carbohydrates, lipids, and enzymes
D. Proteins, water, and salt
75. What is the main function of cytoplasm?
A. Storage of vital chemicals
B. Synthesis of RNA
C. Transmission of hereditary characters D. Control of cell activities
76. What type of biochemical activities occur in the cytoplasm?
A. Glycolysis
B. Photosynthesis
C. Fermentation
D. All of the above
77. What is the percentage of water found in the cytoplasm?
A. 50%
B. 80%
C. 90%
D. 70%
78. What type of cell organelles are found in the cytoplasm?
A. Mitochondria
B. Endoplasmic reticulum
C. Ribosomes
D. All of the above
79. What is the shape of mitochondria?
A. Square
B. Round
C. Oval, rod-shaped, or filamentous
D. Triangular
80. How long are mitochondria typically?
A. 1 micrometer
B. 2 micrometers
C. 5 micrometers
D. 10 micrometers
81. How many mitochondria are present in liver cells?
A. 100
B. 500
C. 1000
D. 5000
82. What does the smooth outer membrane of mitochondria control?
A. The movement of chemicals
B. The shape of the membrane
C. The entry and exit of chemicals
D. The size of the membrane
83. What are the folds inside the inner membrane of mitochondria called?
A. Crista
B. Matrix
C. DNA
D. Enzymes
84. What is the fluid inside the inner space of mitochondria called?
A. Cell membrane
B. Cell wall
C. Cell matrix
D. Cell fluid
85. What is stored in the mitochondria during cellular respiration?
A. DNA
B. Enzymes
C. ATP (Adenosine-tri-phosphate)
D. Cell matrix
86. Where are most of the enzymatic activities of the cell carried out?
A. Nucleus
B. Cell membrane
C. Mitochondria
D. Endoplasmic reticulum
87. What is the shape of Golgi bodies?
A. Round
B. Granules, rods, threads, or canals
C. Triangular
D. Square
88. What are cisternae in Golgi bodies?
A. Small droplet-like structures
B. Large spherical sacs
C. Flattened sac-like structures stacked one above the other
D. Thin membranes
89. What are Golgi vesicles in Golgi bodies?
A. Large spherical sacs
B. Small droplet-like structures that develop from cisternae
C. Thin membranes
D. Flattened sac-like structures stacked one above the other
90. What are Golgi vacuoles in Golgi bodies?
A. Flattened sac-like structures stacked one above the other
B. Small droplet-like structures that develop from cisternae
C. Large spherical sacs formed by the expansion of the flattened sacs of cisternae
D. Thin membranes
91. What do Golgi bodies store?
A. Enzymes
B. DNA
C. Selections
D. ATP
92. What is the main function of Golgi bodies?
A. To store selections
B. To transport secretion outside the cell
C. To convert selections into finished products
D. All of the above
93. What is the Endoplasmic reticulum?
A. Membrane-bounded organelles
B. A type of ribosome
C. A type of mitochondria
D. A type of Golgi Body
94. What is the structure of the Endoplasmic reticulum?
A. Spherical sacs
B. Long flattened structures
C. Irregular branches
D. All of the above
95. What are Cisternae in the Endoplasmic reticulum?
A. Spherical sacs
B. Long flattened structures
C. Irregular branches
D. None of the above
96. What are Vesicles in the Endoplasmic reticulum?
A. Spherical sacs
B. Long flattened structures
C. Irregular branches
D. None of the above
97. What are Tubules in the Endoplasmic reticulum?
A. Spherical sacs
B. Long flattened structures
C. Irregular branches
D. None of the above
98. What are the two types of Endoplasmic reticulum?
A. Smooth and Rough
B. Cisternae and Vesicles
C. Tubules and Ribosomes
D. Granular and Non-granular
99. What is the function of the Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?
A. Protein synthesis
B. Lipid formation
C. Detoxification of poison and drugs
D. All of the above
100. What is the function of the Rough Endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?
A. Protein synthesis
B. Lipid formation
C. Detoxification of poison and drugs
D. All of the above
101. Who discovered ribosomes for the first time?
A. Svedberg
B. Palade
C. Boyle
D. Both A and B
102. Where are ribosomes formed in eukaryotic cells?
A. RER
B. Nucleus
C. Cytoplasm
D. Nucleolus
103. What is the sedimentation rate of eukaryotic ribosomes?
A. 80S
B. 70S
C. 90S
D. 100S
104. What is the main function of ribosomes?
A. Formation of ribonucleic protein particles
B. Attachment to RER
C. Protein synthesis
D. Lipids breakdown
105. Are plastids found in all cells?
A. Yes
B. No
C. Only in animal cells
D. Only in prokaryotic cells
106. What type of pigment is present in chloroplasts?
A. Green pigment
B. Colorless pigment
C. Colored pigment
D. Non-colored pigment
107. Where are chloroplasts mainly located in plants?
A. In green parts, particularly in leaves
B. In roots, stems, and seeds
C. In the petals of flowers
D. In the skin of ripened fruits
108. What is the function of the stroma in chloroplasts?
A. To store food material
B. To attract insects for pollination
C. To contain chlorophyll
D. To act as a semi-fluid and colorless matrix
109. What is the structure that connects the grana in chloroplasts?
A. Lamella/Intergrana
B. Thylakoid
C. Stroma
D. Granum
110. What is the main function of chloroplasts in plants?
A. To store food material
B. To attract insects for pollination
C. To perform photosynthesis
D. To have one or more pigments
111. What are chromoplasts?
A. Green plastids
B. Colored plastids
C. Colorless plastids
D. Non-colored plastids
112. Where are chromoplasts mainly located in plants?
A. In green parts, particularly in leaves
B. In roots, stems, and seeds
C. In the petals of flowers
D. In the skin of ripened fruits
113. What are leucoplasts?
A. Green plastids
B. Colored plastids
C. Colorless plastids
D. Non-colored plastids
114. Where are leucoplasts mainly located in plants?
A. In green parts, particularly in leaves
B. In roots, stems, and seeds
C. In the petals of flowers
D. In the skin of ripened fruits
115. What is the function of chromoplasts in plants?
A. To store food material
B. To attract insects for pollination
C. To perform photosynthesis
D. To have one or more pigments
116. What is the function of leucoplasts in plants?
A. To store food material
B. To attract insects for pollination
C. To perform photosynthesis
D. To have one or more pigments
117. What are centrioles?
A. Organelles found in plant cells
B. Hollow and cylindrical structures
C. A type of chromosome
D. A type of protein
118. What is the diameter of centrioles?
A. 0.1 microns
B. 0.2 microns
C. 0.3 microns
D. 1 micron
119. Where do centrioles arise in the cytoplasm?
A. In the nucleus
B. In the mitochondria
C. In the centrosome
D. In the Golgi apparatus
120. How many microtubules are found in each centriole?
A. 9
B. 18
C. 27 (nine triplets)
D. 36
121. What is the function of centrioles?
A. To help in the formation of the Golgi apparatus
B. To help in spindle formation and cell division
C. To store energy
D. To transport proteins
122. What are centrioles composed of?
A. Lipids
B. Carbohydrates
C. Protein fibers
D. Nucleic acids
123. What do centrioles help separate during cell division?
A. The cytoplasm
B. The plasma membrane
C. The duplicated chromosome
D. The nucleus
124. What are vacuoles?
A. Membrane-enclosed solid spaces
B. Membrane-enclosed fluid-filled spaces
C. Membrane-enclosed gaseous spaces
D. Membrane-enclosed air spaces
125. Do mature plant cells have one or many vacuoles?
A. One
B. Many
C. None
D. It depends
126. Do animal cells have one or many vacuoles?
A. One
B. Many
C. None
D. It depends
127. What is the membrane of the vacuole called?
A. The plasma membrane
B. The tonoplast
C. The cytoplasm
D. The endoplasmic reticulum
128. What does a plant vacuole contain?
A. A solution of mineral salts and sugar
B. A solution of amino acids and waste materials
C. A solution of colorful sap and anthocyanins
D. All of the above
129. Where is food digested in unicellular organisms?
A. In the cytoplasm
B. In a food vacuole
C. In the mitochondria
D. In the nucleus
130. How are water and waste materials excreted in unicellular organisms?
A. Through contractile vacuoles
B. Through the plasma membrane
C. Through the cytoplasm
D. Through the endoplasmic reticulum
131. What is the main function of vacuoles?
A. To help cells remain turgid
B. To store food
C. To store energy
D. To transport proteins
132. What helps vacuoles to remain turgid?
A. Absorbing more water from the surrounding
B. Absorbing less water from the surrounding
C. Releasing water into the surrounding
D. None of the above
133. Do vacuoles play a role in digestion and excretion in unicellular organisms?
A. Yes
B. No
C. Sometimes
D. It depends
134. What is the cytoskeleton?
A. A network of filaments in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells
B. A network of filaments in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells
C. A network of filaments in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
D. A network of filaments in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells
135. What type of structures are microtubules made of?
A. Actin proteins
B. Tubulin proteins
C. Intermediate filament proteins
D. Nucleic acids
136. What is the main function of microtubules in cells?
A. To change the shape of the cell
B. To hold the shape of the cell
C. To maintain the cell shape
D. To facilitate cell division
137. What type of filaments are involved in maintaining the cell shape?
A. Microfilaments
B. Microtubules
C. Intermediate filaments
D. Nucleic acids
138. Are microfilaments involved in the formation of cilia and flagella?
A. Yes
B. No
C. Sometimes
D. It depends
139. Are microtubules involved in the formation of cilia and flagella?
A. Yes
B. No
C. Sometimes
D. It depends
140. What are lysosomes?
A. Double membrane-bounded organelles
B. Single membrane-bounded organelles
C. Non-membrane bounded organelles
D. Multi-membrane bounded organelles
141. Where are lysosomes found in the cell?
A. In the cytoplasm
B. In the nucleus
C. In the mitochondria
D. In the ribosomes
142. What is the main function of lysosomes in cells?
A. To break down food and waste
B. To store food and waste
C. To produce energy
D. To synthesize proteins
143. What types of enzymes are present in lysosomes?
A. Weak digestive enzymes
B. Strong digestive enzymes
C. Structural enzymes
D. Enzymes involved in energy production
144. What happens when a lysosome fuses with a vacuole?
A. The lysosome breaks down the material in the vacuole
B. The vacuole absorbs the enzymes
C. The lysosome and vacuole exchange material
D. Nothing happens
MCQs on Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells
145. What is a prokaryotic cell?A. A cell with a membrane-bounded nucleus and membrane-bounded organelles
B. A cell with a true nucleus and membrane-bounded organelles
C. A cell without a membrane-bounded nucleus and membrane-bounded organelles
D. A cell with a false nucleus and membrane-bounded organelles
146. Which organisms are made up of prokaryotic cells?
A. Amoeba and euglena
B. Bacteria and cyanobacteria
C. Rose and frog
D. Brassica
147. What is the main characteristic of a prokaryotic cell?
A. A membrane-bounded nucleus
B. A membrane-bounded organelle
C. A true nucleus
D. Lack of membrane-bounded nucleus and organelles
148. What is the difference in the location of chromosomes between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
A. Chromosomes are present in the nucleus of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
B. Chromosomes are present in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells, and in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
C. Prokaryotic cells have a true nucleus, while eukaryotic cells lack a nucleus
D. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have chromosomes present in the cytoplasm
149. What is the difference in the size of ribosomes between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
A. Prokaryotic cells have larger ribosomes, while eukaryotic cells have smaller ribosomes
B. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have the same size of ribosomes
C. Prokaryotic cells have smaller ribosomes (70S), while eukaryotic cells have larger ribosomes (80S)
D. Eukaryotic cells have larger ribosomes, while prokaryotic cells have smaller ribosomes
150. What is the difference in the distribution of ribosomes between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
A. Prokaryotic cells have ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), while eukaryotic cells have ribosomes freely dispersed in the cytoplasm
B. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
C. Prokaryotic cells have ribosomes freely dispersed in the cytoplasm, while eukaryotic cells have ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
D. Eukaryotic cells have ribosomes freely dispersed in the cytoplasm, while prokaryotic cells have ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
151. What is the cell wall made of in prokaryotic cells?
A. Cellulose
B. Chitin
C. Murine
D. None of the above
152. Which type of cell is comparatively smaller in size (0.5 nm in diameter)?
A. Prokaryotic cell
B. Eukaryotic cell
C. None of the above
D. Both A and B
153. Which type of cell is complex and larger in size (10-100 nm in diameter)?
A. Prokaryotic cell
B. Eukaryotic cell
C. None of the above
D. Both A and B
154. Which type of organisms are made up of prokaryotic cells?
A. Plants B.
Animals
C. Bacteria and cyanobacteria
D. Fungi
MCQs on Cell specificity in plants and animals
155. What are the functions of the xylem in plants?A. Transporting water and dissolved substances
B. Transporting prepared food from the leaves to other parts
C. Transporting food
D. Providing support to plants
156. What is the function of phloem in plants?
A. Transporting water and dissolved substances
B. Transporting prepared food from the leaves to other parts
C. Transporting food
D. Providing support to plants
157. What is the function of collenchyma cells in plants?
A. Transporting water and dissolved substances
B. Transporting prepared food from the leaves to other parts
C. Transporting food
D. Providing support to plants
158. What is the function of nerve cells in animals?
A. Conducting messages through nerve impulses
B. Contracting and relaxing to produce movements
C. Connecting the body parts and providing support
D. Carrying oxygen
159. What is the function of muscular cells in animals?
A. Conducting messages through nerve impulses
B. Contracting and relaxing to produce movements
C. Connecting the body parts and providing support
D. Carrying oxygen
160. What is the function of connective tissues in animals?
A. Conducting messages through nerve impulses
B. Contracting and relaxing to produce movements
C. Connecting the body parts and providing support
D. Carrying oxygen
161. What is the function of Red Blood Cells in animals?
A. Conducting messages through nerve impulses
B. Contracting and relaxing to produce movements
C. Connecting the body parts and providing support
D. Carrying oxygen
162. What is the function of White Blood Cells in animals?
A. Conducting messages through nerve impulses
B. Contracting and relaxing to produce movements
C. Connecting the body parts and providing support
D. Defending the body from microorganisms
163. What is the function of Platelets in animals?
A. Conducting messages through nerve impulses
B. Contracting and relaxing to produce movements
C. Connecting the body parts and providing support
D. Helping in blood clotting
MCQs on Transport system | Active and Passive Transport and their sub-types
164. What is the definition of transport in living organisms?
A. The movement of substances from one part of an organism to another
B. The movement of substances from one organism to another
C. The movement of substances from the environment to an organism
D. The movement of substances from one cell to another
165. What type of transport requires the use of energy in the form of ATP?
A. Active transport
B. Passive transport
C. Diffusion
D. Osmosis
166. What type of transport occurs from a higher concentration region to a lower concentration region?
A. Active transport
B. Passive transport
C. Diffusion
D. Both B and C
167. What is an example of active transport in living organisms?
A. Diffusion of oxygen into cells
B. Absorption of minerals by root hairs from soil
C. Movement of water molecules across a cell membrane
D. Exchange of ions across a cell membrane
168. What is diffusion?
A. The random movement of molecules from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.
B. The random movement of ions from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.
C. The random movement of molecules or ions from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
D. The random movement of water molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
169. What type of molecules can diffuse across cell membranes?
A. Complex molecules
B. Large-sized molecules
C. Water, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and some other simple molecules
D. Solid molecules
170. How is the efficiency of diffusion affected?
A. By the type of molecules
B. By the distance to be covered
C. By the concentration gradient difference
D. All of the above
171. What is an example of diffusion in the body?
A. After food digestion, glucose is transported from the villi to the small intestine.
B. After food digestion, glucose is transported from the small intestine to the villi.
C. The movement of large-sized molecules through cell membranes.
D. The movement of solid molecules through cell membranes.
172. What happens when perfume is sprayed in one corner of a room?
A. Its fragrance will be spread by facilitated diffusion in all parts of the room.
B. Its fragrance will be spread by diffusion in all parts of the room.
C. Its fragrance will not be spread to all parts of the room.
D. Its fragrance will be spread by active transport in all parts of the room.
173. What is facilitated diffusion?
A. The type of diffusion aided by carrier proteins
B. The type of diffusion without the aid of carrier proteins
C. The type of diffusion from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration
D. None
174. What is the role of carrier proteins in facilitated diffusion?
A. To transport large-sized molecules through cell membranes
B. To transport water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and some other simple molecules through cell membranes
C. To transport solid molecules through cell membranes
D. To transport complex molecules through cell membranes
175. What is osmosis?
A. The movement of solute molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
B. The movement of solvent (water) molecules from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration.
C. The movement of solvent (water) molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration through a partially permeable membrane.
D. The movement of solvent (water) molecules from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration through a partially permeable membrane.
MCQs on Turgidity in Plants
176. In which solution does an animal cell become turgid?
A. Hypotonic solution
B. Isotonic solution
C. Hypertonic solution
D. None of the above
177. In which solution does a plant cell become flaccid?
A. Hypotonic solution
B. Isotonic solution
C. Hypertonic solution
D. None of the above
178. What happens to animal cells when they are placed in a hypertonic solution?
A. They become turgid
B. They remain normal
C. They shrink
D. None of the above
179. What happens to plant cells when they are placed in a hypertonic solution?
A. They become turgid
B. They remain normal
C. They shrink
D. They become plasmolyzed
180. What happens to animal cells when they are placed in an isotonic solution?
A. They become turgid
B. They remain normal
C. They shrink
D. None of the above
181. Which type of membrane allows for osmosis to occur?
A. A fully permeable membrane
B. A partially permeable membrane
C. A non-permeable membrane
D. None of the above
182. What is turgor?
A) A state of rigidity in plant cells
B) A process of water exiting plant cells
C) A state of wilting in plant cells
D) A process of osmosis in animal cells
183. What causes turgidity in plant cells?
A) The loss of water from the vacuole
B) The diffusion of solutes into the cell
C) The movement of water into the vacuole
D) The breakdown of cell walls
184. Which of the following is a characteristic of a turgid cell?
A) Soft and flexible
B) Hard and tough
C) Shrinking in size
D) Losing shape
185. What is the importance of turgor in plants?
A) It helps in the breakdown of cell walls
B) It prevents the uptake of water and minerals
C) It helps in maintaining the shape of the plant
D) It causes the wilting of plants
186. Which of the following structures in plants benefits from turgidity?
A) Roots
B) Stems
C) Leaves
D) All of the above
187. How does turgidity aid in the opening and closing of stomata?
A) It causes the stomata to shrink in size
B) It provides the energy for the stomata to open and close
C) It increases the pressure inside the guard cells
D) It has no effect on the opening and closing of stomata
188. How does turgor aid in the uptake of water, salts, and minerals?
A) It prevents the movement of solutes into the cells
B) It increases the osmotic pressure of the cells
C) It provides the energy for the active transport of solutes
D) It allows water to move from areas of high concentration to low concentration
189. Which of the following flowers would most likely open during the day and close at night due to turgidity?
A) A sunflower
B) A moonflower
C) A rose
D) A lily
190. What is the Latin origin of the word turgor?
A) Turgere
B) Osmosis
C) Rigidity
D) Swelling
MCQs on Plasmolsis and deplasmolysis
191. What is plasmolysis?
A) Movement of protoplasm toward the cell wall
B) Shrinkage of protoplasm from the cell wall
C) Movement of water into the cell
D) Swelling of protoplasm inside the cell
192. What is the cause of plasmolysis in plant cells?
A) Inward movement of water due to a hypertonic solution
B) Outward movement of water due to a hypertonic solution
C) Inward movement of solutes due to a hypotonic solution
D) Outward movement of solutes due to a hypotonic solution
193. What is deplasmolysis?
A) Movement of protoplasm toward the cell wall
B) Recovery of a plasmolyzed cell to its normal condition
C) Outward movement of water due to a hypertonic solution
D) Shrinkage of protoplasm from the cell wall
194. What happens to a plasmolyzed plant cell when it is placed in a hypotonic solution?
A) It becomes plasmolyzed
B) It remains in a plasmolyzed state
C) It undergoes deplasmolysis
D) It undergoes plasmolysis more rapidly
195. Which type of solution causes plasmolysis in plant cells?
A) Hypotonic solution
B) Isotonic solution
C) Hypertonic solution
D) Distilled water
196. What happens to a plasmolyzed plant cell in a hypotonic solution?
A) It becomes plasmolyzed
B) It remains in a plasmolyzed state
C) It undergoes deplasmolysis
D) It undergoes plasmolysis more rapidly
MCQs on Cytosis and its types
197. What is cytosis?
A. Movement of materials through vesicles
B. Movement of materials through the cell membrane
C. Movement of materials through the cytoplasm
D. Movement of materials through the nucleus
198. What is endocytosis?
A. Outward movement of materials from the cell
B. Inward movement of materials through the cell membrane
C. Movement of materials through the nucleus
D. None of the above
199. What is the mechanism of endocytosis?
A. Plasma membrane folds outward
B. Plasma membrane breaks down
C. Plasma membrane folds inward
D. Plasma membrane stays the same
200. What are the two forms of endocytosis?
A. Pinocytosis and phagocytosis
B. Exocytosis and pinocytosis
C. Exocytosis and phagocytosis
D. Osmosis and diffusion
201. What is phagocytosis?
A. Movement of materials through the cytoplasm
B. Cellular drinking
C. Cellular eating
D. None of the above
202. What is pinocytosis?
A. Cellular drinking
B. Cellular eating
C. Movement of materials through the cytoplasm
D. None of the above
203. What is exocytosis?
A. Inward movement of materials through the vesicle formation
B. Outward movement of materials from the cell through vesicle formation
C. Movement of materials through the plasma membrane
D. None of the above
204. What is the mechanism of exocytosis?
A. Vesicle membrane incorporates into the nucleus
B. Vesicle-containing material moves away from the cell membrane
C. Vesicle membrane breaks down
D. None of the above
205. What is the function of cytosis?
A. Replication of cells
B. Maintenance of cell structure
C. Transport of materials into or out of the cell
D. None of the above
MCQs on Filtration
206. What is filtration?
A. The process of removing large molecules from a solution
B. The process of pushing small molecules across a selectively permeable membrane
C. The process of selectively allowing large molecules to pass through a membrane
D. The process of moving molecules across a membrane using energy
207. Which organ in the human body is involved in filtration?
A. Lungs
B. Liver
C. Kidney
D. Pancreas
208. What is the driving force behind filtration in the human body?
A. Active transport
B. Osmosis
C. Diffusion
D. Hydrostatic pressure
MCQs on Plants and Animals Tissues
209. What is a tissue?A. A group of organs performing a particular function
B. A group of cells performing a particular function
C. A group of organisms performing a particular function
D. A group of atoms performing a particular function
210. Which type of plant tissue is composed of only one type of cell?
A. Simple tissue
B. Compound tissue
C. Epithelial tissue
D. Muscle tissue
211. Which type of plant tissue is composed of more than one type of cell?
A. Simple tissue
B. Compound tissue
C. Epithelial tissue
D. Muscle tissue
212. Which of the following is NOT a type of animal tissue?
A. Epithelial tissue
B. Muscle tissue
C. Nervous tissue
D. Cellulose tissue
213. What is the other name for meristematic tissue?
A. Simple tissue
B. Embryonic tissue
C. Epithelial tissue
D. Connective tissue
214. Where is meristematic tissue present?
A. In the middle of the root or shoot
B. At the base of the root or shoot
C. At the apex of the root or shoot
D. In the leaves
215. What is the characteristic feature of cells in meristematic tissue?
A. Large vacuoles
B. Small nuclei
C. Intercellular spaces
D. Central nuclei
216. What is the primary function of apical meristems?
A. Secondary growth
B. Elongation of the root or stem
C. Adding thickness to the root or stem
D. None of the above
217. What is the name of the meristematic tissue found on the lateral sides of the root and stem?
A. Apical meristem
B. Intercalary meristem
C. Cambium
D. Embryonic meristem
218. What is the function of lateral or intercalary meristem or cambium?
A. Primary growth
B. Secondary growth
C. Photosynthesis
D. Respiration
219. What type of growth is known as primary growth?
A. Growth in length
B. Growth in thickness
C. Both A and B
D. None of the above
220. Which tissue is composed of cells that have the power of cell division?
A. Meristematic tissue
B. Simple tissue
C. Epithelial tissue
D. Connective tissue
221. What is the defining characteristic of permanent tissue?
A. They have large nuclei
B. They originate from the secondary meristem
C. They lack the ability to divide
D. They have thick cell walls
222. What is the source of origin for permanent tissues?
A. Apical meristem
B. Lateral meristem
C. Primary meristem
D. None
223. Which type of permanent tissue is present at the outermost covering of the leaf, root, and stem?
A. Vascular tissues
B. Epidermal tissues
C. Ground tissues
D. Meristematic tissues
224. What is the function of the waxy layer present in the epidermal tissues of the stem?
A. It prevents the gaseous exchange
B. It facilitates transpiration
C. It stores food
D. It prepares food
225. What are stomata?
A. Thick-walled cells in the stem
B. Small openings in the leaves
C. Cells that store food
D. Cells that prepare food
226. Where are ground tissues present in a plant body?
A. They are present in all parts of the plant body
B. They are present in places where there are epidermal tissues
C. They are present in places where there are vascular tissues
D. They are present in places where there are meristematic tissues
227. What is the function of ground tissues?
A. They facilitate gaseous exchange
B. They store water
C. They store food and prepare some food
D. They transport water and minerals
228. What is the primary function of epidermal tissues in the leaves?
A. They facilitate transpiration
B. They provide structural support
C. They transport food
D. They store water
229. What is the shape of parenchyma cells?
A) Cubical
B) Spherical
C) Rectangular
D) Triangular
230. What is the primary component of the cell walls of parenchyma cells?
A) Lignin
B) Starch
C) Cellulose
D) Chitin
231. What is the main function of parenchyma cells?
A) Photosynthesis
B) Water transportation
C) Gas exchange
D) Food storage
232. Which of the following is not a function of supporting tissue in plants?
A) Providing rigidity
B) Providing strength
C) Providing flexibility
D) Providing support
233. What is the primary difference between collenchyma and sclerenchyma tissue?
A) Collenchyma tissue is more flexible than sclerenchyma tissue.
B) Sclerenchyma tissue is more flexible than collenchyma tissue.
C) Collenchyma tissue is composed of dead cells, while sclerenchyma tissue is composed of living cells.
D) Sclerenchyma tissue is composed of dead cells, while collenchyma tissue is composed of living cells.
234. Where are collenchyma tissues typically found in plants?
A) In the roots
B) In the leaves
C) In the older woody stems
D) In the young herbaceous stems
235. Which type of supporting tissue provides more rigidity and strength to the plant body?
A) Collenchyma tissue
B) Sclerenchyma tissue
C) Epidermal tissue
D) Parenchyma tissue
236. Which of the following is a characteristic of collenchyma tissue?
A) Dead cells
B) Non-flexible
C) Found in older woody stems
D) Elongated and polygonal with tapered ends
237. What is the primary function of xylem tissue?
A) Conduction of food
B) Conduction of water and dissolved substances
C) Support in plant stems and roots
D) Storage of excess food
238. Which type of cell in xylem tissue is made up of individual cells that are open at each end?
A) Tracheids
B) Fibers
C) Vessels
D) Companion cells
239. What is the function of fibers in xylem tissue?
A) Conduction of water and dissolved substances
B) Storage of excess food
C) Support in plant stems and roots
D) Regulation of food transport
240. What is the primary function of phloem tissue?
A) Conduction of water and dissolved substances
B) Conduction of food
C) Support in plant stems and roots
D) Storage of excess food
241. Which type of cell in phloem tissue has small pores called sieve plates?
A) Phloem parenchyma
B) Companion cells
C) Sieve tube cells
D) Tracheids
242. What is the function of companion cells in phloem tissue?
A) Conduction of food
B) Storage of excess food
C) Support in plant stems and roots
D) Regulation of food transport
243. What type of cell in xylem tissue has thick secondary cell walls and is tapered at the ends?
A) Vessels
B) Companion cells
C) Tracheids
D) Phloem parenchyma
244. What is the function of phloem parenchyma cells?
A) Conduction of food
B) Storage of excess water
C) Support in plant stems and roots
D) Conduction of water and dissolved substances
245. Which type of cell in xylem tissue is dead at maturity?
A) Vessels
B) Fibers
C) Tracheids
D) Companion cells
246. Which type of cell in phloem tissue stores excess food?
A) Sieve tube cells
B) Companion cells
C) Phloem parenchyma
D) Tracheids
247. Which type of tissue separates the body from the outside world?
A. Connective tissue
B. Epithelial tissue
C. Adipose tissue
D. Cartilage
248. What is the function of loose connective tissue?
A. Provides energy
B. Holds organs in place
C. Forms tendons and ligaments
D. Supports and maintains shape
249. Where is adipose tissue found?
A. Around the ends of bones
B. In the nose
C. Under the skin
D. In the trachea
250. What is the function of cartilage?
A. Provides energy
B. Supports and maintains shape
C. Forms tendons and ligaments
D. Stores calcium
251. What is the extracellular material of bone made of?
A. Collagen fibers and calcium salts
B. Bundles of collagen fibers and a rubbery substance
C. Swollen cells with a large number of fat droplets
D. Fluid plasma
252. What is the function of blood?
A. Provides support and maintains shape
B. Stores calcium
C. Forms a lever system for movements
D. Transports substances and responsible for immunity
253. Which type of tissue is responsible for attaching muscles to bones?
A. Loose connective tissue
B. Fibrous connective tissue
C. Adipose tissue
D. Bone tissue
254. What is the function of adipose tissue?
A. Forms tendons and ligaments
B. Provides energy
C. Supports and maintains shape
D. Stores calcium
255. What is the structure of epithelial tissue?
A. Elongated and flattened cells
B. Scattered cells through an extracellular material
C. Bundles of collagen fibers and a rubbery substance
D. Collagen fibers and calcium salts
256. What holds together the contractile cells or fibers of muscular tissues?
A. Epithelial tissues
B. Connective tissues
C. Adipose tissues
D. Nervous tissues
257. Which type of muscle is voluntary?
A. Smooth muscle
B. Cardiac muscle
C. Skeletal muscle
D. Both A and B
258. What is the function of smooth muscles?
A. To attach bones and cartilage
B. To appear as striped fibers under the microscope
C. To contract and relax
D. To surround hollow structures and control their movement
259. What type of muscle is found in the heart?
A. Skeletal muscle
B. Striated muscle
C. Smooth muscle
D. Cardiac muscle
260. What are the three categories of muscular tissues?
A. Striated, unstriated, and cardiac
B. Voluntary, involuntary, and autonomic
C. Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac
D. Striped, unstriped, and cardiac
261. What is the function of skeletal muscles?
A. To control the autonomic nervous system
B. To surround hollow structures and control their movement
C. To attach bones and cartilage
D. To pump blood through the body
262. Which type of muscle is under the control of the autonomic nervous system?
A. Skeletal muscle
B. Smooth muscle
C. Cardiac muscle
D. Striated muscle
263. What is the composition of nervous tissues?
A. Epithelial cells
B. Connective cells
C. Contractile cells
D. Neurons
Answers:
1. C 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. B 10. C 11. C 12. C 13. C 14. A 15. B 16. B 17. A 18. A 19. A 20. A 21. D 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. B 27. A 28. A 29. C 30. B 31. A 32. B 33. A 34. A 35. C 36. B 37. C 38. C 39. B 40. B 41. C 42. A 43. B 44. B 45. B 46. B 47. B 48. B 49. A 50. D 51. B 52. A 53. C 54. B 55. B 56. C 57. D 58. C 59. D 60. D 61. C 62. B 63. C 64. D 65. A 66. A 67. B 68. B 69. C 70. A 71. B 72. A 73. A 74. A 75. 76. A 77. C 78. D 79. C 80. C 81. C 82. C 83. A 84. C 85. C 86. C 87. B 88. C 89. B 90. C 91. C 92. D 93. A 94. D 95. B 96. A 97. C 98. A 99. B 100. A 101. B 102. D 103. A 104. C 105. B 106. A 107. A 108. D 109. A 110. C 111. B 112. C 113. C 114. B 115. B 116. A 117. B 118. B 119. C 120. C 121. B 122. C 123. C 124. B 125. A 126. B 127. B 128. D 129. B 130. A 131. A 132. A 133. A 134. B 135. B 136. B 137. C 138. B 139. A 140. B 141. A 142. A 143. B 144. A 145. D 146. B 147. D 148. B 149. C 150. C 151. C 152. A 153. B 154. C 155. D 156. B 157. D 158. A 159. B 160. B 161. D 162. D 163. D 164. A 165. A 166. D 167. B 168. C 169. C 170. D 171. B 172. B 173. A 174. A 175. C 176. A 177. B 178. C 179. D 180. B 181. B 182. A 183. C 184. B 185. C 186. D 187. C 188. D 189. B 190. A 191. B 192. B 193. B 194. C 195. C 196. C 197. A 198. B 199. C 200. A 201. C 202. A 203. B 204. B 205. C 206. B 207. C 208. D 209. B 210. A 211. B 212. D 213. B 214. C 215. D 216. B 217. C 218. B 219. A 220. A 221. C 222. C 223. B 224. B 225. B 226. A 227. C 228. A 229. B 230. C 231. D 232. C 233. A 234. D 235. B 236. D 237. B 238. C 239. C 240. B 241. C 242. D 243. C 244. A 245. B 246. C 247. B 248. B 249. C 250. B 251. A 252. D 253. B 254. B 255. A 256. B 257. C 258. D 259. D 260. C 261. C 262. B 263. D
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